OPEN DOOR POLICY

Open Door Policy

Open Door Policy

Question:

Research America's open door policy with China beginning in 1889. Explain how relations with the United States?

Answer:

Open Door Policy is a foreign policy initiative formally enunciated by Secretary of State John Hay, in his Open Door Notes of 1899 and 1900. The first note was published on September 6, 1899 to Britain, Germany and Russia, with the following notes to Japan, France and Italy. The first note asked that the various governments to ensure that equality of commercial opportunity and allow any nation with sphere of influence energy use to benefit their own nationals. Although the initial notes are not supported unconditional and complete, the secretary of state has been monitoring a second note on March 20, 1900 which states that all nations have consented. With these statements, the United States formally declared its intention to support U.S. business interests in China (Williams, William A, 1970).

The American idea of the open door had three interrelated doctrines: equal opportunities for trade, territorial integrity and administrative integrity. The open-door policy came from two great cycles of American expansionist history. The first, a maritime cycle, gained momentum from the market orientation of the mid-nineteenth century and mixed in the new cycle of industrial and financial capitalism that emerged towards the end of the century and continued into the 1930's. Since then, its vitality is escaped as political and economic forces that outline a new structure of power and national reorganization in the Far East (Kennan, George, 1984).

The first wave of the open activities developed through the interaction of the mid-nineteenth century the expansion of continental America's borders and maritime. The construction of the transcontinental railroad led to the idea of an American transport bridge to China. The powers behind the lush China trade, based in the mid-Atlantic and New England coastal towns, established trading posts in the North Pacific Coast and Hawaii to transfer skins and sandalwood as articles in trade with the Chinese. The resulting expansion of maritime trade has been coordinated with a variety of business interests, including U.S. investment in whaling, the great interest in exploring the Pacific Ocean and the historic concern for the development of a shorter route from the Atlantic to Pacific across Central America, a growing U.S. diplomatic approach, naval, and missionary in East Asia, opening China to American trade on the heels of the British victory in the Anglo-China war of 1839-1842 to Cushing through the Treaty of 1844, and press the Pacific led by Secretary of State William H. Seward, culminating in the purchase of Alaska in 1867 and the Burlingame Treaty of 1868 (Israel, Jerry, 1971).

The second development cycle expansionist jumped since the advent of industrial capitalism and the needs of U.S. commercial agriculture for export markets, bringing together a complex mix of interests peculiar to the factories and farms that traditionally had clashed on policy national economy and legislation. A world view of mutual benefits of political economy was a soldier and the ...