NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS

Nosocomial Infections in Neonatal Intensive Care Units

Abstract

Neonates are at high risk of nosocomial diseases and surveillance has been shown to be precious for the decrease of nosocomial infections. The National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) scheme established in the US has a exceptional surveillance constituent for neonatal intensive care flats (NICUs) with some equitably exact methods. However, there are no exact delineations of nosocomial diseases in this persevering group. When conceiving a surveillance constituent for NICUs in Germany we thus determined not to take up only all Centers for Disease Control and Prevention delineations and NNIS procedures, but furthermore to evolve our own surveillance procedures for this persevering group. For this method four steps became necessary:

(1) Development of changed delineations for nosocomial diseases and their evaluation.

(2) Testing the NNIS procedure in three NICUs with contamination command nurses.

(3) a navigate task for a surveillance constituent inside the national Surveillance scheme in Germany; and

(4) Establishment of a surveillance constituent inside our nationwide surveillance system.

The scheme is now established in 33 clinic agencies and 66 NICUs take part in the surveillance system. We have an overview of 3357 neonates in three birth heaviness groups. This item interprets the causes for the diverse steps, and the benefits and handicaps of modification of the initial NNIS procedures and definitions.

Table of Contents

Abstractii

Chapter 1: Introduction5

Background of the Study5

Problem Statement5

Rationale of the study7

Aim of the Study8

Significance of the study8

Research Questions9

Keywords9

Chapter 2: Literature Review10

NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS14

Incidence of nosocomial infection18

Mortality Rate from Nosocomial Infections in Neonatal Intensive Care Units Can Be Decrease20

Chapter 3: Methodology26

Research Deign26

Materials and methods26

References29

Chapter 1: Introduction

Background of the Study

We performed a prospective analysis to determine the prevalence of nosocomial infection and associated risk factors in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and report on nosocomial infections (NIs), causative organisms, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in neonates who were admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), and assess the performance of birth weight (BW) as a variable for risk stratified NI rate reporting.

Nosocomial infections in newborns have been associated with prolonged morbidity, significantly higher mortality and significantly greater hospital costs. Along with various other methods for prevention, the surveillance of nosocomial infections has been shown to be valuable for reducing infection rates.

Problem Statement

The problem statement of the study would be Overcrowding and understaffing of the NICUs are persistent problems in Argentina. Limited availability of disposable devices, suboptimal care of central venous lines and poor compliance with infection control measures have all been associated with the high incidence of nosocomial infections. While high nursery census and high patient to staff ratios are unlikely to change, redesigning of infection control strategies to adapt them to the existing circumstances may reduce hospital-acquired infections.

Critically ill patients in intensive care unit are at a higher risk of nosocomial infection due to multiple causes including disruption of barriers to infection by end tracheal intubations and tracheotomy, urinary bladder catheterization and central venous catheterization (Berrouane, 2001). The most common nosocomial infection in medical ICUs is urinary tract infection, followed by pneumonia and primary blood stream ...