Noise Pollution

Noise Pollution

Noise is any generally undesired sound produced largely as a by-product of another physical activity. Although low levels of noise seem unavoidable and have little effect, sufficiently loud and/or persistent levels of noise can have serious negative impacts on human health and well-being (Sobotta, 2007). These impacts include behavioral change, sleeplessness, loss of hearing, work performance, communication ability, and cardiovascular effects. Causes of excessive noise include traffic and proximity to airports, occupational noise, construction, and loud music.

The level of noise is measured in terms of decibels (dB). This logarithmic scale refers to the work of Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor of the telephone. A level of 80 dB causes annoyance and can lead to stress; a level of 90 dB or above can lead to permanent hearing loss. Proximity to heavy traffic, operating some heavy machinery (especially in factory or construction environments), or being a stage performer can all lead to suffering a level of noise in excess of this level. World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines require a maximum of 35 dB within classrooms to promote a good learning environment and 30 dB for the ability to sleep peacefully (Singal, 2007).

The greatest component of noise pollution is provided by road traffic. Rules restricting the type and level of traffic permitted to travel in urban areas during the hours of night have existed since the time of ancient Rome. Yet, despite improvements in road technology and noise reduction in vehicles, the sheer weight of traffic causes problems for many millions of people around the world every day (Sobotta, 2007).

On a typical weekday in Bangkok, for example, official figures show noise levels in different parts of the city ranging from 65.9 to 74.6 dB (daily average). Within the European Union, it is estimated that 40 percent of the total population ...