Networking Protocols

[Name of the Institute]

Networking Protocols

Introduction

A network protocol is a set of rules and procedures of communication used by both sides all the stations that exchange data over the network. There are many network protocols (NETWORK PROTOCOLS), but not all, nor the same role, or the same approach. Some network protocols operate at multiple layers of the OSI model, while others may specialize in performing a task with a single layer of the OSI model (Javvin, 2005). A packet transmitted on the network is composed of several layers of different information corresponding to each of the protocol processing stack. Different protocol stacks can on the same station, according to the communication needs of different environments. The batteries are then ordered so that they ENTERED the transmission process tries first one then the other. A network that has several segments should generally use a routable protocol.

The OSI model and protocol stack

A protocol stack is a combination of several protocols. Several protocols can work together or cooperate in a suite or a "protocol stack" (PROTOCOL STACK). In a protocol stack, the different protocols are organized, ordered, hierarchical, one after the other, to accomplish a set of tasks corresponding to all or part of the OSI model. The operation of different protocols in the stack must be coordinated to prevent conflicts and unfinished operations. According to the OSI model, the process of transmitting data over a network is divided into several stages, in a fixed order. The OSI model distinguishes seven basic steps, and breaks down the process of data transmission in 7 layers. Each layer has a specific function in the process of data transmission. At each of these layers is the realization of one or more tasks, and several scenarios are possible:

A task is performed by a single protocol.

All tasks of OSI layer are made by a single protocol.

Several tasks from different OSI layers are performed by a single protocol.

All the tasks of several OSI layers are performed by a single protocol.

Thus, specifications of the OSI model are met, but the boundaries of each layer are not necessarily. In the transmission process, the data "through" the protocol stack, but the number of protocols constituting the battery is not necessarily equal to the number of layers of the OSI model. The theory does not correspond to reality (Walke, 2002). The layers of the OSI model correspond roughly to the layers of a protocol stack. The lower layers specify how the devices are connected, while the higher layers contain rules of communication. Operations of higher layers are more complex than those of lower layers.

The OSI model

The layers

The functions

APPLICATION

Initiates a network request or accept

PRESENTATION

Added formatting information, display, encryption

SESSION

Adds information flow to indicate the start of a packet

TRANSPORT

Adds information to the error handling of packets

NETWORK

Adds a sequence number and address information to the packet

LINK

Adds error control information of a packet (CRC)

PHYSICAL

Sends packets across the network in the form of a raw bit stream

The layered architecture of the OSI model is found in the protocol stack and coordinates of each operation of the process of data transmission. In general, it ...