Myocardial Infarction



Abstract

Myocardial Infarction is one of the most critical and dangerous situations in medical field. Myocardial Infarction is a cardiac condition in which cardiac muscles started to die because of insufficient blood and oxygen supply. The prevalence of myocardial infarction is getting high continuously in every part of this world. Every medical personal should be well aware about the causes, symptoms, diagnostic tools and other information about myocardial infarction. Information about myocardial infarction is also necessary for respiratory therapists.

Myocardial Infarction1

Abstract2

Myocardial Infarction4

Introduction4

Pathophysiology4

Classification5

Type 16

Type 26

Type 36

Type 46

Type 56

Causes and Risk Factors6

Causes6

Risk factors7

Signs and Symptoms8

Differential Diagnosis9

Diagnosis9

Prevention10

Respiratory therapist and Myocardial Infarction10

Case study11

Obesity and the risk of myocardial infarction11

Glucose metabolism and Myocardial Infarction12

Alcohol Consumption and Myocardial Infarction12

Infections and Myocardial Infarction13

Conclusion14

References16

Myocardial Infarction

Introduction

Myocardial infarction, also known as MI, refers to coronary artery blockage from a blood clot. This blockage will result into the death of heart muscle. Coronary artery is similar to normal blood vessels, which are responsible to supply blood and oxygen to heart muscles. Coronary artery blockage will result in the limited supply of blood to the heart muscle. Limited or no supply of oxygen and blood will cause serious injuries and damage to cardiac muscles (Zafari, 2013).

The whole procedure is known as myocardial infarction. Damage to cardiac muscle will cause chest pain and other serious symptoms. This damage will result into death of these muscles if the blood supply is not restored within 40 minutes maximum. The death will be irreversible. It is estimated that about one million citizens of America suffer from myocardial infarction each year. Around 40% of these figures have faced death as a result of myocardial infarction. There are many tools for the diagnosis of heart attack (Thygesen, Joseph, Alpert & Harvey, 2007).

Cardiac enzymes and electro cardio gram are major diagnostic tools for infarction. There are a number of causes and aggregating agents for this condition. Some triggering agents will cause serious damage to neural and cardiac structures. Acute myocardial infarction is a very critical condition, and the extent of this condition is increasing continuously.

Pathophysiology

Myocardial infarction is one the most critical situations in medical science. This condition occurs after the blockage of coronary arteries by occlusive thrombus. This occlusive thrombus prevents the blood and oxygen flow to the cardiac muscles, leading to the injury, damage and death of these muscles. The amount of cell death is directly linked with the insufficiency of oxygen reached. There is also a chance of damaged ventricular wall as a result of deprived oxygen. This impaired blood and oxygen supply will trigger another condition, known as ischemic cascade. Ischemic cascade is a group of biochemical reaction, taken place in the brain after inadequate blood supply. Ischemic cascade will lead the heart cells towards irreversible necrosis or death. A major sign of this necrosis is collagen scar. This entire process will result in permanently damaged heart. Collagen or myocardial scar will also increase the risk of arrhythmias and ventricular aneurysm. Injured or damaged heart muscles will conduct electrical impulses more slowly, which trigger ...