Multiple Sclerosis

Abstract

In this research paper we will see the causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatments of Multiple Sclerosis. We will see how this disease caused and what its symptoms are. It's not easy to diagnose this disease. The causes of this disease are also not known with surety.

Contents

Introduction4

Discussion4

Causes5

Environmental Factors5

Symptoms6

Diagnosis6

Treatment7

Multiple Sclerosis Imaging Research at UBC8

Pathalogy8

Conclusion8

References9

Multiple Sclerosis

Introduction

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is unexpected neurological disease. It is also called as disseminated sclerosis" or "encephalomyelitis”. In this disease spinal cord is damaged because of covering of fatty myelin sheaths around the brain. It is rare in women but it can occur in young adults too. It was discovered by Jean-Martin Charcot in 1868.

Discussion

Multiple Sclerosis breaks the relation of spinal cord and the brain to communicate with each other. The way of communication of nerve cells is to send electrical signals normally called as action potentials. Multiple Sclerosis causes the body's immune system to attack and destroys the myelin. Due to lose of myelin axons are not able to conduct signals. There have been great researches to diagnose the causes of this disease but still much to find in this regard. Many environmental risks factors are also included. Any symptom related to neurology can be found in this disease which resulted in the physical disability most of the times. Multiple Sclerosis has several forms with new symptoms. Sometimes, attack of MS is very rapid and extreme but many times the attack prevails slowly in the body. There is not a recognized cure of Multiple Sclerosis. Treatments can stop the further attacks. The characteristics of Multiple Sclerosis vary from patient to patient. Medication is also not easily bearable for every patient. The expectation of life in the patients of Multiple Sclerosis decreases five to ten times than those who are not patients of Multiple Sclerosis.

Causes

Multiple Sclerosis occurs mostly due to the genetic, environmental and infections factors and also the combination of these factors or other vascular problems. There are studies conducted for the causes of Multiple Sclerosis and combined many data on this disease but there is no satisfactory conclusion of its causes. Studies showed that the causes are mainly due to the genetic variations and it's greatly increase the risk of Multiple Sclerosis. The risk of development of Multiple Sclerosis is greater in the relatives of the person than other individuals. The overall rate of this disease in accordance with the genetic variations is 20%. It is rare in ethnic groups. It is also mainly due to the differences in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) which is the group of genes in chromosomes 6.

Environmental Factors

The risk factors of the Multiple Sclerosis increase due to the both infectious and non infectious environmental factors. Some factors are easily overcome than other factors. Their elimination can help to stop the attacks of Multiple Sclerosis. IT has been found that Multiple Sclerosis is rare in those people who live away from the equator. This is due to the fact that sunlight is not easily accessible by the people living ...