MOTIVATIONAL THEORIES

Motivational Theories and Organizational Behavior

Motivational Theories and Organizational Behavior

Motivation

Motivation is the driving force behind every action. Human beings perform various tasks, but there is a driving force behind every task they perform. They should be motivated in order to perform their task in the best possible manner. Motivation plays a prominent role in outstanding performance. This performance can be in academics, work, house etc. All performances, whether small or big, require motivation and once an individual gains motivation he or she can perform the task in a remarkable manner.

One of the main characteristic of motivation is that it compels force through which human beings attain the desired goals. Motivation divides into two sub categories i.e. Motivation can be intrinsic and even extrinsic depending on demand and the nature of the desire (Secchi, 2007, p 362). Although this terminology is used for human beings even then, it is also used to depict the grounds for behaviour of animal too. A number of theories of motivation origin in a fundamental requirement so as to reduce physical sting as well as to maximize contentment, or this can also include definite desires for instance eating and sleeping, even a desired aim, objective, situation of being, idyllic, or recognized to less-obvious cause like unselfishness, selfishness, ethics, or even staying away from mortality. Motivation many a times, are relating to the emotional attachment of an individual. The desire or the requirement of the person motives him or her to grab the opportunity and avail the thing so as to fulfil the need.

Theory of Hierarchy of Needs Maslow

It is the most popular theory has been summarized in a simple idea: everyone wants to get things, but each time they want some of them with intensity. This theory prioritizes needs, and said that the more "up" level and motivation are important. But we cannot reach higher levels if the most basic needs are met. First, human beings must meet physiologically, and then human beings will try to fill its needs for security. He cannot meet its safety before met its physiological needs. Once these two needs met, then comes the social needs, the need for self-esteem and, finally, needs updating (King, 2010, pp.18-31). Abraham Maslow believes that individuals seek to satisfy five kinds of needs:

Physiological needs: These are linked to the survival of the subject. Everyone should fill some needs for food, drink, sleep, home. These needs are considered to be the most arrogant of all (Hackman , 1976, pp.250-279).

Security Needs: The people need to protect against threats, and seek a degree of stability in his life and his work.

Social needs: Man as a social animal, needs friendship, affection, acceptance and interaction with other people (friends, colleagues).

Esteem needs: Everyone is looking for self-recognition and externally. For the first, emphasizes the desire for achievement, competence at work, confidence and autonomy to others. It is the second form, of recognition, prestige, reputation, status, recognition and appreciation (Clark, 1972, pp. ...