Module 1

Module 1

1. Confucianism is referred to ethical and philosophical system that was created by the Chinese philosopher name Confucius. It was developed with the philosophical and ethical teaching of Confucius regarding ethical socio-political teaching. Confucianism is used more for families. In this philosophical system father is considered to be role model for the family. Respect and obedience is required by children. Loyalty is the factor among families. However, Confucianism is not found strict for governments as it does not have strict laws. It requires leaders to become ideal role model for ethical behavior and moral. In this philosophy, it is stated that king play such role in which it inspires its public rather than scaring them.

Daoism is originated around 600 BC and this philosophy is related with nature. It undertakes assumption of negative and positive forces that are associated with every object that exist in universe (Rodgers & Dodge, 2006). These forces are known as yin and yang and these forces need to be balanced. It does not undertake any rules and laws that is created and focuses on alignment with nature.

The philosophy of legalism believed that there are good and bad people and they need to be controlled. In this philosophy religion is not considered. There is assumption that society requires strict laws for controlling people.

In complex society of China legalism is effective approach for controlling the society.

2. There are several differences in both philosophies. Buddha founded Buddhism and in foundation of Hinduism no single person was main contributor. In Hinduism they follow religious teachings Hindus and Buddha does not follow any scripture. Buddhism does not believe in power of Hindu gods as compared with Buddha. In, Buddhism the aim is to control sorrow, however, Hindu believes in four goals - Dharma, artha, Karma and moksha. Despite differences there are similarities as both philosophies are believer of Karma and Samsara. These philosophies believe that main cause of suffering is desire. They believe in multiple gods and peace (Coomaraswamy, 2011). Hinduism is more conductive foe social and political stability as it focuses on multiple aspects in terms of objectives as compared with Buddhism.

4. Main and most noticeable achievement of Roman Empire was the period and area of their empire. Their empire constitutes of three continents and rule for more than 1000 years. Fame of Raman Empire is their incredible army. They have powerful army ever. Romans are founder of various cities in Europe and most of them are prominent. Romans are great builders of their time and they build lot of things which provided benefits to people for long time. In most of the spoken languages in Europe are based on underlying basis of Latin language. This is because in previous Roman Empire Latin is the official language and which was modified over time and developed into various other languages. Some alphabets are also similar to roman alphabets.

5. There are various similarities in declining of Han and Roman Empire. Both of them faced with economic problem ...