MODERNIST & GARDEN CITY MOVEMENTS

Modernist & Garden City Movements



Modernist & Garden City Movements

Modernist Movement

Modernism depicts a display of cultural movements embedded in the transformation in Western society in the late 19th and early 20th century. The phrase covers a sequence of restructuring movements in architecture, art, literature, music and the applied arts which appeared during the time.

The Modernist Movement that took place in Europe during 1910-1930, is essentially a rational movement in design and arts (by design we imply urbanism and architecture), and to some degree, also in different parts of social life.

Modernist movement was first appeared in the early twentieth century, and in the later years the well known figures of the movement Walter Gropius, Le Corbusier, and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe instituted their reputations. However, it gained mass popularity after the Second World War, after the implementation of the modernist planning as a solution to the preceding failure of design and architecture to meet basic public needs. Throughout 1930s around 15% of the urban populace was spending life in poverty, and clearance of slum was one of the numerous social issues of this decade.

Planning of Modernist movement was a popular idea, and utilized as a solution to these issues. But the movement could not sufficiently realize and provide for the social dynamics of community and family, and a result, numerous modernist in the seventies buildings were pulled down. In accordance with key architectural studies, this study discusses the precepts of modernist movement, how modernist architects firstly worked to resolve the problems of the design through the construction of urban paradise, and why dream of ambitious modernist eventually went unsuccessful.

Modernist Movement social background was to search for a new, efficient and economic way in which housing can be mass produced and set out in the ever flourishing modern cities, which is one of the most significant parts of this movement.

It is a trend of consideration that confirms the ability of human beings to make, improve, and reform their environment, with the help of technology, scientific knowledge or practical experience. Modernist movement encouraged the re-assessment of each phase of existence, from philosophy to commerce, with the aim of finding that what was holding back progress, and replacing it with new, modern and thus better ways of reaching the similar end.

Modernist Urbanism

A movement that can be viewed as a continuance of modern planning of the city started in the 19th century, but it is characterized by ideas of city planning of the time that supported fundamental change in the city life and city form. It is partially propelled politically, and partially stimulated by the technological advancement of the time.

Other important figures in the Modernist urbanism include the politicians and German architects Ernst May, Martin Wagnar, Bruno Taut. Their responses to modernist urbanism with focus on housing design incorporate:

- Experiment for the urban poor and industrial worker of mass housing development

- Look for a scientific-intellectual basis for housing design - hygienic situations as determining aspects of plot ...