MEDICAL - BIOLOGY

Malaria

Malaria

Introduction

Malaria is a global infectious parasitic disease of the liver and red blood cells caused by protozoa of genus Plasmodium. At present, infectious disease experts agree that malaria is the world's most important tropical disease caused by a parasite, and this kind of disease exists in some temperate regions. Because more than 40 percent of the world's population lives in places where malaria is prevalent, this disease continues to create a global health crisis. According to the World Health Organization (WHO, 2012), there are more than 500 million people that are infected with malaria in every year. A chronic disease characterized by periodic acute attacks of chills and fever. The disease is the result of infection by the sporozooite parasite, plasmodium that lives in red blood cells and is transmitted to humans via the Anopheles mosquito (Dondorp 2007). Malaria is the global infectious parasitic disease of the liver and red blood cells caused by protozoa of genus Plasmodium. The pathogen contains several stages that take place inside and outside the human host, with a portion of the cycle occurring in an insect. Female mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles act as the vector in malaria's transmission from infected to uninfected people. When living in a human host, Plasmodium behaves as a parasite, meaning it receives a benefit from its host while also harming the host (Irwin, 2010).

Transmission of Plasmodium for a healthy person

The natural transmission of the disease occurs through the bite of mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles that is infected with Plasmodium. These mosquitoes are also known by name of “anopheles”, and “mosquito nail”. Malaria transmission can be reduced by mosquito nets and insect repellents, distribute or mosquito control measures such as spraying insecticides inside houses and draining stagnant water where mosquitoes lay eggs. These measures are in the development which is resulting in the widespread use of vaccines and providing a high level of protection of the duration or to meet this challenge. Both drugs can also be used to prevent malaria-endemic countries (prevention from malaria). Anti malarial drugs ant species are present to choose to prevent the poison from the malaria bites. In the past 5 years, Plasmodium falciparum infection in endemic countries has been transformed by treatment with artemisinin-derived drugs in combination. Treatment of severe malaria, quinine or intravenous injection or intramuscular injection, a growing number of artemisinin derivatives state that it is better than quinine in children and adults. Ants have developed resistance to several anti-malarial drugs, particularly chloroquine.

Malaria in Mauritius at a glance

The principal reasons of malaria morbidity and mortality in Mauritius are as follow;

25 million of Kenyans among the 400 million people are at the risk of malaria.

It accounts for 30-50% of outpatient attendance and 20% of admissions health facilities. • An estimated 170 million working days that are lost to disease, per year.

It is estimated that malaria is caused 20% of children in which 5% are dead.

The most vulnerable groups to malaria infection in pregnant women that produced under the age of ...