MATERIALS

Materials

Materials

Introduction

The science and engineering of materials are intimately linked since knowledge and manufacturing processes of materials, enables converting them for industrial use. Until relatively recently, the material of technological interest was the metal, which have lost some of hegemony in favour of traditional materials, ceramics, and polymeric compounds thanks to new manufacturing technologies. These same technologies enable the manufacture of composite materials and development of new materials. Two possibilities exist for the synthesis of a new material, trying to find other materials by using the same compositions or use new techniques to change existing ones. The emergence of new materials should not imply contempt for traditional materials.

Discussion

Task: 1

The heat treatment is a controlled process to adjust the microstructure of materials such as metals and alloys in order to obtain properties that improve the lifetime of a component, for example, by increasing the surface hardness, resistance to temperature, ductility and strength. The heat treatment of the material is one of the fundamental steps for you to achieve the mechanical properties for which it is created. Such processes consist of the heating and cooling of a metal in its solid state to change their physical properties (Srivastava, 2009). With appropriate heat treatment can reduce internal stresses, grain size, increase the toughness or produce a hard surface with ductile interior. The key consists of the thermal treatments in the reactions that occur in the material, both in steels as in non-ferrous alloys, and occur during the process of heating and cooling of the parts, with or guidelines established times. To know that the metal temperature should rise to be received heat treatment is advisable to have the phase change diagrams such as the iron-carbon.

Task: 2

The liquid processing method according to the invention has many advantages since it allows shaping of solid materials from a liquid mass without contact between it and the walls of its container, thus avoiding possible interactions and allows to obtain a final product of high purity (Thro, 1993). The liquid processing method is applicable to various methods of shaping, especially zone melting, continuous casting, solidification by vertical traction and development of high purity glasses. The liquid processing method also finds application in maintaining and positioning liquid masses in microgravity. It also allows liquid masses move over a horizontal wall without contact therewith. Finally, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the examples described above, but we can imagine alternatives, including the choice of lifting gas and the material of the walls porous to the diffusion thereof.

Task: 3

Alloying element: An element, metallic or not, which is added to a metal (called the base metal) in such a way that improves some property of the metal base. For example, adding appropriate amounts of tin to copper, one obtains brass, which is harder than copper. It is more controlled by the manufacturing process of steel, it is impossible to produce it without such impurities. And they somehow have influence on the properties of this ...