The oil commerce had hardly recovered from the Iraq-Iran war when the second Gulf conflict commanded by the US began in January 1991. Oil amenities were again the direct goals of heavy bombardment, resulting in impairment that, in numerous cases, was even more critical than that imposed during the Iraq-Iran War. In certain installations, impairment was as great as 90%. But even under heavy UN sanctions, Iraqi oil employees and engineers were adept to fix, cannibalize and sustain most of the facilities, bringing the refineries, as well as power generation ...