Management Theory and Practices



Management Theory and Practices

Introduction

Management job and professions did not are available 125 years ago. Therefore, Management was not yet an area of research. Currently, Administrator and Management are every important part of the business in the world that it is hard to run company without them. Management became an area of research just 125 year old, but management concepts and methods have been used from enough duration of registered history. From the Sumberians business owner as old as 8000 B.C.E to Sixteenth millennium European countries, there are traditional of the functions of management discussed: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling (chuck Williams, c. 2010, p41). Despite, those examples of management concepts, there was no powerful need for professionals until the methodical changes in the characteristics of perform and company in the Nineteenth millennium to Twentieth hundreds of years. Within now, work has been modified from family members to industries, from experienced employees to specialized, from little, self-organized categories to huge industries using million under one ceiling, and from unique, little amounts of development to a huge consistent huge development. Hence, Managements were needed to encourage order and framework to encourage the employee and handle huge group of employees, to create plan and create choices to enhanced overall company efficiency by successfully managing the difference parts of the company systems

Discussion

The function of modern management theories

This area is discussing about how modern management theory make or help managers to be more effective, In the Theory X and Theory Y which describe about two contrasting models of workforce motivation as we mention below

In the theory X, management assumes employees are dislike work or lazy with work and will avoid if possible. Base on this reason, most of management though that those people must be closely supervised, controlled, directed and threatened with punishment them to get adequate effort. The idea of this theory is that manager who perforce according to these assumptions will tend to manage their work by closely supervised, apply for detailed rules and control their staff and they use the strict way to manage them.

However, in the theory Y suggest that physical and mental effort in work is as natural as play or rest. Therefore, management assumes employees might be ambitious and self-motivate, do self-control. Managers believe that most of employees will learn to find out and accept responsibilities to exercise the self-control and self-direction in order to accomplishing the organization goal. They believe that satisfaction of doing a good job is strong motivated. Management thinks that theory Y is more likely than Theory X due to managers needs to develop trust with employees that is required for human resource development which include managers communication with their subordinates, minimizing the difference between superior-subordinate, develop the comfortable environment in the organization that staff can develop and use their ability. A manager with this short of attitude to his staff is likely to be a consultative, facilitating leader, using positive feedback, challenging and responsibility as ...