MANAGEMENT

Management



Management

Classical Vs Human Relation Approaches To Management?

The theory of human relations (also called humanistic school of management), developed by Elton Mayo and his associates in the United States emerged as a result immediate results obtained in the experiment of Hawthorne, was basically a movement reaction and opposition to the classical theory of management. The classical theory sought to develop an industrial civilization that technology and working methods constitute the most important concerns of the administrator. Its principles are not always accepted in a quiet, especially in a democratic country like the U.S., where workers and unions was described as a sophisticated means of labor exploitation of resources for employers.

The classical theory tried to develop a new business philosophy, an industrial civilization that technology and working methods are the most important concerns of the administrator. Despite the hegemony of the classical theory and the fact it had not been questioned by any other management theory important during the first four decades of this century, its principles always accepted so quiet, especially among workers and unions Americans.

In an eminently democratic country like the United States, workers and unions saw and interpreted the scientific management as a sophisticated means of exploitation of employees in favor of employer interests. Hoxie's research was one of early warnings to the autocracy of the Taylor system, because it showed that the administration based on inadequate principles for the American lifestyle. Consequently, human relations theory arose from the need to counter the strong tendency towards dehumanization of work, starting with the application of rigorous methods, scientists and precise, to which workers were forced to undergo.

In the organization, individuals participate in social groups and are in constant interaction social. To explain and justify human behavior in organizations, the theory of thoroughly studied human relationships that social interaction. Human relations are defined as the attitudes and actions resulting from contacts between people and groups. Each individual is a highly distinctive personality, which influences the behavior and attitudes of people with whom you have contact, in turn, receives much of its influence like.

In search of understanding, acceptance and participation, the individual tries empathizing with other individuals and groups defined in order to meet their interests and immediate aspirations. Influence behavior in the environment and the various attitudes and informal norms in the various groups. In the emerging business opportunities to develop human relationships due to the large amount of groups and the interactions that necessarily occur. Only the understanding of the nature of these human relations allows the administrator to get better results from their subordinates: the understanding of human relationships facilitates the creation of an atmosphere where each individual is encouraged to express themselves freely and healthily.

In 1924, a series of studies were conducted in an attempt to determine the effect that lighting had on the productivity of a worker. These studies were later known as the Hawthorne Studies. The studies, which were fronted by Elton Mayo, provided new insights into individual and group behaviour, and ...