MANAGEMENT

Management

Management

Introduction

It is not possible to address the issue of management tools for managing and developing these, without exposing the historical trends related to the organizational side, which of course have influenced the forms and development of organizational activity in organizational design and the design of jobs, as well as other vital activities in organizations. Notably, productivity levels in earlier times were low, so one of the aspects to be considered by the theories has been the increase of it, made in certain situations and not others.

Early Management Theories Relevant to the Modern World

On the various theories, schools or approaches, that have succeeded, it must be said that they have appeared and developed in the last hundred years, including none is exclusive and that what happened in practice is that some have relied on the other, in many cases changing the way but in most cases very little in their content. It is extremely noteworthy that we study the situation before these appeared, where material and spiritual conditions of the people were poor in both work and personal life, working for more than 12 or 14 hours a day, with limited resources to decent housing and poor nutrition and the rest, if this was serious, critical was the case of children working only a few years, unfortunately this situation, perhaps with another intensity and nuance is presented in some places. Each theory or approach is therefore, made of the environment and the circumstances at any given time, taking part in this not only economic factors but also the social and technology development at that stage, so we can understand that the application of any them, or their combined use will depend on our perception of the situation at that time (Mullins, 2004, 35).

It is fair to say that, from the first industrial revolution, there was an accelerated technological development that allowed tip looks at the issues that occurred, as the humanization of some tasks, the significant increase in the production and the need to focus on personal and organizational coordination. In the period, changes have happened at work, in jobs and their design, development of people and different ideas about them, so the entire organizational system.

The Time-line of Development of Management Theories: Relative or Absolute

The study of theories gives us the ability to assess and understand the various processes involved in organizations, which allows you to plan and take action in solving problems or in exploiting opportunities (Kanigel, 1997,54).

Main theories approaches to management are:

a)Scientific theory of management.

b)Classical theory of the organization.

c)Focus on human resources.

Scientific Management School

Frederick Taylor started the era of modern management. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth century's, he was decrying the “awkward, inefficient, or ill-directed movements of men” as national loss. Taylor consistently sought to overthrow management “by rule of thumb” and replace it with actual timed observations leading to “the one best” practice.

Classical Organizational Theory

In this category, of management theory are the works of Max Weber's bureaucratic theory and Henri Fayol's administrative ...