MALE URETHRA



Design and Model of Male Urethra in 3D Solid Works

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction4

Aim of the Study5

Chapter 2: Literature Review7

Urinary Tract7

Kidneys7

Ureters7

Urethra8

The Urinary Bladder8

Bladder Layers and Cell Types9

Figure 1-2, Urothelial organization, Reprinted from [1]11

Physiology and Disease States of the Urinary Bladder18

Normal Filling and Voiding18

Neurogenic Disorders20

Obstructive and Congenital Disorders20

The Urethral Muscle21

Tissue Engineering Methodology38

Mechanical Properties and Young Modulus of Urethral Tissue40

Urethra41

The Anatomy of Urethra…………………………………………………………………………42

PDMS Silicone as a Material Replacement for Male Urethra Muscles42

Chapter 3: Methodology44

Research Design44

Materials and Methods44

Neuronal Immunolabelling45

Luxol Fast Blue48

Three-dimensional Image Reconstruction49

Chapter 4: Results and Findings50

The Muscular Structure of the Male Urethra50

The Innervations of the Male Urethra51

References62

Bibliography66

Abstract

            The current conception relates towards a catheter, especially an expandable catheter with a transition between the discern fellow branches allowing inclusion of the transition into urethra. In particular the current conception relates towards a catheter which is operable between a collapsed form for storage and bringing and an contributed form for draining liquid from a body via a narrow lane which extends axially within a longitudinal primary emphasis from a proximal end towards an opposite distal end, the catheter comprising: a proximal fraction, adapted towards be fully inserted into a urinary narrow lane of the body and shaping a proximal fraction of the narrow lane which fraction extends axially between the proximal end and a former transition end of the proximal fraction, and a distal fraction, adapted towards be at lowest towards lots extent inserted into the urinary narrow lane and shaping a distal fraction of the narrow lane which fraction extends axially between a second transition end of the distal fraction and the distal end, an insertable fraction of the former transition end being dimensioned towards enable its spacing inside a arriving via item of the distal fraction of the narrow lane towards enable axial movement of the branches nephew towards each else towards operate the catheter between the collapsed form and the contributed form of the catheter, wherein the branches consist cooperating coupling institutes towards advocate the catheter within the contributed configuration.

 

Chapter 1: Introduction

 

Urethral catheterization is a frequent medical procedure that eases command drainage of the urinary bladder.1 It may be used for diagnostic purposes (to aid determine the etiology of varied genitourinary conditions) or therapeutically (to relieve urinary retaining, instill medication, or grant irrigation). Catheters may be inserted as an in-and-out procedure for command drainage, retired within with a self-retaining device for short-term drainage (e.g., as lengthy as surgery), or retired indwelling for long-term drainage for patients with chronic urinary retention. Patients of everybody ages may lack urethral catheterization, but patients any fellow whom are ageing or chronically ill are many within everybody expectation towards lack indwelling catheters, which bring their possess independent risks.

A catheter which is operable between a collapsed form for storage and bringing and an contributed form for draining liquid from a body via a narrow lane which extends axially within a longitudinal primary emphasis from a proximal end towards an opposite distal end, the catheter comprising: a proximal fraction, adapted towards be fully inserted into a urinary ...