LITERATURE REVIEW

Literature Review

Literature Review

3.1 Literature Review

The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of the previous literature that has been carried out regarding environmental impacts on UK aviation industry. Holmes (2005) P79 explains “A literature review is an overall review of the key literature in your topic area.' He adds 'The literature review is concerned with the subject content and academic knowledge of your topic area. 'Within this Literature Review the researcher will investigate environmental impacts and how it is affecting the UK aviation industry. To help achieve a better level of understanding of the chosen topic area, a literature review has been undertaken by identifying relevant theories.

3.2 Overview of UK aviation Industry

The aviation industry is one of the largest global industries with modern technology that have allowed the world to move at the pace it does in the present day. Within the air travel and modern aircraft being built the world wouldn't possibly be where it is today. www.dft.gov.uk. Sustainable aviation is a long term approach which sets out the combined approach of UK aviation in dealing with the test of certifying a sustainable future for the industry. However, Belobaba , Odoni and Barnhart (2009) argues “Aviation is a crucial part of national economies, providing movement for people and goods throughout the world and enabling worldwide economic growth.

Aviation demand has increased in UK from104 million passengers flying in 1990 to 238 million passengers in 2008. Short-haul demand has increased from 82 million to 187 million passengers. Long-haul demand has increased from 22 million to 51 million passengers.

http://downloads.theccc.org.uk

3.3 Transport and the environment

Transport has both advantages and disadvantages. Graham (2003:219) states “In 1990's the aviation industry faced the effects of increasing environmental pressure.” However according to Page (2009) P297 “Tourist transport is one component of a much wider concern for more sustainable forms of development as problems relating to the impact of transport of the environment are symptomatic of the need for more environmentally sensitive form of development.”This shows that aviation is having a major impact due to the environmental impacts and the aviation therefore is cutting down environmental impacts by reducing flights. According to Business Dictionary environmental impacts are “Possible adverse effects caused by a development, industrial, or infrastructural project or by the release of a substance in the environment.” www.businessdictionary.com This shows that environmental impacts are unsafe as they have a major impact on the aviation industry and the host community as it creates noise and air pollution.

Fig: 2 Types of environmental Impacts

Area of effect

Impacts

Causes

Global climate change

Emissions of greenhouse gases.

Emissions of aerosols, including sulphates.

Contrail formation.

Enhanced circus cloudiness

Aircraft main engines.

Auxiliary power units

Airside ground service.

Surface transport to and from airports.

Local air pollution

Emission of nitrogen oxides

Aircraft main engines

Auxiliary power units

Airside ground service.

Surface transport to and from airport.

Noise

Disturbance to residents close to airports and beneath approach/ departure routes.

Aircraft main engines and airframe.

Engine testing.

Resource and water issues

Fossil fuel consumption.

Water ...