LIGHT AND LIGHTENING

Light and Lightening

[Writer`s Name]

[Institute`s Name]

Table of Contents

Introduction1

Discussion3

SECTION 13

SECTION 2:6

2.1 Brightness Appearance/ Lighting Appearance/Visual Perception?6

2.2 Mean Room Surface11

2.3 Daylight13

Conclusion17

References18

Light and Lightening

Introduction

The aim of this essay is to summarise and then to focus on a selection of essential relevant material that Cuttle has presented in his paper “Towards the Third Stage of the Lighting Profession” in 2010, which is the examination the three stages of the lighting profession to identify the main themes that have directed the objectives of the lighting profession. The author believes that, we measure lighting with an old thinking and wrong way, thus we have to go forward looking at lighting from a general different perspective¹. Additionally, the fact that an essential relevant material will be presented throughout the essay, therefore the essay will be present the progress of lighting research it developed during the years and we arrived at the current statement of lighting codes and standards, drawing on the topics raised by Cuttle. Finally, the essay will conclude with the assessment of the prospects for success in incorporating Cuttle prospects metrics in codes and good practice documents for interior lighting. The notion of stages of the lighting profession is examined to identify the main themes that have directed the objectives of the lighting profession. It is proposed that the objective of the first stage was provision of uniform illumination over a horizontal plane, and that of the second stage has been to provide illuminance suited to human need, based on visual performance. This brings us up to the current era, and it is the author's opinion that the second stage has failed to achieve its objective. While codes and standards pay lip service to visual performance, the reality is that for the vast majority of situations where lighting standards are applied, the aim is to meet user expectations for the spaces they occupy to appear adequately lit. The metrics currently used to specify, measure, and calculate lighting levels are inappropriate for this purpose. The concept of mean room surface exitance is proposed as a basis for lighting standards. Procedures for calculation and measurement lead to some startling conclusions. Familiar notions of lighting effectiveness and efficiency are turned upside down, and an entirely different way of thinking about interior lighting design is revealed. The significant difference is the assessing the light confrontation on the surface or switching the light arriving at the eye. This change of thinking can be seen as the forerunner in that particular stage of lightning profession.

Discussion

SECTION 1

Cuttle starting his report agreed with Allan Tulla's view “we are at the beginning of the third stage of the lighting profession”². Also, he believes that this is the meaning of the current state of the lighting industry and we moved on to the second stage, than incandescence to discharge and fluorescence and the third stage is the development of solid-state lighting.

The first stage is that, engineers confirm for the luminous intensity as the primary standard of lights the Candela, as one of the base ...