LEBANON

Difference in Lebanon architecture before and after civil war

Acknowledgement

I would take this opening to express gratitude my study supervisor, family and associates for their support and guidance without which this study would not have been possible.

Abstract

The endeavours to gain an insight into the socio-cultural conditions of the group's former to catastrophe and into the exact positions, which appeared after the destruction of the villages. This will be showed via the comprehensive case study of one Lebanese village—namely al Burjain. It evolves the comprehending of the conditions of the people, their desires and insights about rebuilding the village and draws from the exact and general values that should direct the reconstruction process. The paper will be founded on fieldwork, which uses the qualitative set about that boasts flexibility and matches the functional conditions in the field. This permits dynamic discussions with the community under study and allows better comprehending of the localized conditions. The developmental set about suggested for reconstruction presents values and good practices befitting for rebuilding the villages in Lebanon in specific and in alike reconstruction contexts in general.

Table of contents

Chapter # 1: Introduction1

Background1

Problem statement2

Rationale of the study3

Aims and objectives3

Research hypothesis3

Chapter # 2: Literature Review5

The dispute of re-use5

Building Typology and Reuse Suitability5

Church Archetypes8

Development Issues9

Regulatory Considerations9

Valuation18

Chapter # 2c: Church is now on the other hand utilized20

Programming for Reuse20

Process22

Church Building26

Residential27

Office31

Commercial32

Community and Institutional34

Art and Cultural Activities36

Chapter # 3: Methodology40

Primary or secondary / Qualitative or Quantitative40

Definition of (Qualitative/Quantitative) Research40

Quantitative Research40

Qualitative Research41

Difference42

Research Instruments (only for Primary Research)43

Questionnaire (only for Primary Research)44

Sample Size (only for Primary Research)46

Chapter # 4: Results and Findings48

Chapter # 5: Conclusion and Recommendations52

References55

Chapter # 1: Introduction

The attractiveness of modernist architecture in the 1960's and 1970's provoked proceeds away from church structures of customary load-bearing concrete construction. This produced in more bordered and cladded church structures, utilizing newer components for example laminated timbers for functional members. Modernist architecture furthermore echoed altered in liturgical practices, which became more inclusive and less segregated. Moreover, up to designated day church structures are conceived to encompass youth associations, crèches, coffee rooms and other community facilities. Many churches of customary load-bearing concrete building did not initially comprise numerous of these facilities- they were generally supplemented on at the subsequent designated day in the lateral elongation to the major church building

Background

The annals of civilisation are littered with the large number of catastrophes that have initiated decrease of life, human suffering and damage to the social and personal fabric. Conventional and broadly utilised classification splits up catastrophes into two major categories: natural and man-made, founded on the source of hazard as the criterion. However, there is an increasing acknowledgement that all catastrophes are 'acts of man' in which the hazard turns in to the disaster by human error or need of foresight. In detail, numerous drought-related famines have been aggravated by wars and compelled movements.

However, war is classified as the man-made catastrophe of long-run influence and its frequency and antiquity makes it the ancestor of all disasters. Unfortunately wars extend, regardless of the finish of the Cold War ...