Learning Theory

Learning Theory

Part I

Edwin Sutherland's learning theory

Edwin Sutherland's learning theory, commonly known as Differential association theory, determines the different elements of the inter-communication and networking process, through which individuals gain knowledge of how to engage in criminal -r low-violating behavior. The basic principle that is the backbone of the theory is that, an excess of definitions that are favorable to violation of law practices as compared to definitions that are favorable to lawful practices, individuals are inclined towards criminal behavior. (Sutherland and Cressey, 1974). The close groups such as family and friends are the place where we are exposed to a variety of definitions in favor of violation of law. For instance, in the family group, it is taught to uphold the law whereas in the friends group it might be discussed that drugs use and circulation is not a big deal and nothing to worry about. However, the more exposure to such gatherings and conversations is not enough to encourage criminal behavior. . Nevertheless, it is the ratio or differential factor of associations with criminal patters to the non-criminal patterned outlook, shapes and influences the criminal behavioral side. As stated above, it only occurs when the unlawful violations definitions exceed the lawful violations definitions hence resulting in criminal behavior. A criminal pattern suggests a complex, organized set of behaviors that support defiance of the law. However, just learning how to commit a crime is not sufficient to actually motivate the person to do so. Criminal patterns also include cultural stigmas related to criminal behavior that may motivate or influence a person to breach the law. Sutherland states that, majority of the people are not criminals because their associations with anti-criminal patterns are greater than the criminal patterns.

Summary

Sutherland states that criminal behavior is and can be learned through social integration ...