In All organisations at every level there must be individuals who are capable of taking actions to make their organisation work efficiently, they are leaders. Leaders can take initiatives and responsibilities. They must be confident and motivated at their hard times. Leadership at all levels in the organisation has its vitality. The lower level leadership can produce a great change in organisation and benefits to the higher level leadership, by behaving responsible in their domain. Being a leader is not a matter of status. Thus, a manager in an organisation may have many sub-ordinates but, these sub-ordinates may act like the followers to their manager, entirely depends on the manager, who must act like a leader. There are various styles of leadership such as; Autocratic leadership, Bureaucratic, Charismatic leadership, Democratic or Participative leadership, Laissez-Faire, transactional leadership and Transformational leadership (Gardner. J. W, & Den Hartog. D, & Koopman. P, 1997).
Leadership in ARDEC (Transformational Leadership)
Armament, Research, Development and Engineering Center (ARDEC) is a section of U.S army, which provides complete support for about 90% of weaponry and ammunition. In 1995, base realignment and closure (BRAC) proposed to close (ARDEC) after few years of the first Gulf war. Because of a significant recession in the Defense budget of U.S. BRAC provided leaders of ARDEC a platform of change. At that time, the commanding general of ARDEC was Brig. Gen. James Boddie, who took the charge as the leader. Boddie claimed that ARDEC had to focus on quality, cost and time constraints such as a for-profit organization, where these constraints are considered to exceed the customer's expectations. At ARDEC, the employees have been empowered by giving participation in the decision and strategic processes. Thus, ARDEC's leadership style is transformation leadership (Wong. P, 1991).
Multi Layered Hierarchy of ARDEC Leadership
Layer
1
U.S Army Director ARDEC
Special Staff
Inspector general, Administration officers, Intelligence and Security Officers
Associate Technical Directors
Sen. Scientists for Research in technology
Layer
2
Munitions Engr. Tech. Center
Quality Engr. & Sys. Assurance Directorate Center
Enterprise and system Integration Center
Weapons & Software Engr. Center
Financial Management Office
Layer
3
Systems & technology Directorate
Quality, reliability 7 safety Engr. Division
Strategic & process
office
Research &
Eng. Directorate
Fire Control Sys.
& tech.
directorate
Managerial Accounting Division
Layer
4
Fuze & Precision Armaments tech. Directorate
Product
quality management division
War fighter Central
office
Army Fuze Management
Weapons & technology Directorate
Financial Operations Division
Layer
5
Explosive Ordnance Disposal Tech. Directorate
System and Quality assurance
Business Interface
office
Joint Service
small arms program office
Benet labs
Program & Budget Division
Layer
6
Energetic war heads & Manufacturing tech. Directorate
Business Services
office
Electromagnetic gun program
office
Transformation systems
Directorate
Cost
Analysis Division
Layer
7
Portfolio management office
Systems Engr. Directorate
Transformation
& business e-sys. Directorate
Layer
8
Process management office
Project
integration
office
Layer
9
Human Capital management
Sys.
(www.pica.army.mil)
Reward Power of ARDEC Leadership
The Baldrige Award Criteria were developed by business professionals, and this criterion is a solid foundation for any organization in both the public and private sector. Boddie was convinced by his research that Baldrige Award Criteria to drive ARDEC's leadership would be the best support. The Boddie assigned the deserving leaders as Baldrige's ...