Juvenile Delinquency

[Name of the Author]

Abstract

The article presents a literature review on juvenile delinquency, aiming at discussing concepts and its etiology. It addresses both risk and protective factors which adolescent offenders are exposed to. Two theoretical models about the origin and development of juvenile delinquency are presented. Similarly, the discussion on socio-educational measures and the life projects que protective factors can promote greater social integration is Carried October It was possible to VERIFY, among other aspects, the need for and Importance driven actions and programs to both prevention and treatment of these adolescents.

Abstractii

Introduction1

Discussion2

Juvenile Delinquency2

Risk Factors4

Protective Factors and Resilience6

The Socio-Educational Measures and Life Projects as Protective Factors7

Conclusion9

References11

Juvenile Delinquency

Introduction

The number of offenses committed by young people has increased both in United States and in other countries, thus becoming a serious problem for society. In the United States, rates of juvenile delinquency rose in the late 80's and continued to grow in the 90s. Taking United States as an example, a country with significant social inequalities, a survey conducted in 2004 by the Secretariat for Promoting the Rights of Children and Adolescents, the Special Secretariat for Human Rights identified that there were 39,578 adolescents in the childcare system, which refers the set of all custodial measures, the non-custodial and provisional admission. This quantitative represented in 1000 that two young people aged between 12 and 18 years in United States were teen's authors of offense. However, these figures refer only to those young people entered the childcare system, although it is known that many teenagers commit minor offenses that are not registered. Another survey revealed that in 2002 there were, in United States, 9,555 adolescents fulfilling the socio measure of provisional admission and hospitalization. In 2006 this number had increased to 14,074. This reality demonstrates the need for answers and efforts towards the socialization of these young people and the prevention of offense. Thus, this article aims to make a theoretical review of the concepts and the etiology of juvenile delinquency, covering the many protective factors and risk to which adolescents in conflict with the law are exposed.

Discussion

Juvenile Delinquency

The term juvenile delinquency is used by many authors to refer to transgressions of the law made by adolescents. According to White (2004), it is common to refer to these young people with the use of forms that in some cultures, are stigmatized as delinquents or criminals. Piquero (2000) states that the term juvenile delinquency connotes a stable and lasting framework, which contradicts the current understanding of the phenomenon of transgression in adolescence. Other terms may be used providing the meaning of something momentary and fleeting, as adolescents in conflict with the law.

Another term very much found in texts dealing with this population and that can cause certain stigma is antisocial behavior, as it is often associated with Antisocial Personality Disorder.

In the '90s, from longitudinal American studies, Sutherland & Shepherd (2002) proposed a model for the development of antisocial behavior in four steps. The first develop them during the period of childhood indoors, given that family members are ...