Investigating the impact of plastics on Health and Environment in Africa

By

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION4

Introduction4

Research Question5

Limitations of Study5

CHAPTER 2: BACKGROUND7

The Zero Waste Theory (ZWT)9

Historical Background9

Significance13

Contemporary Literature14

Challenges and Critiques15

Recommendations15

Impact on Development16

Conclusion17

CHAPTER 3: PROBLEM STATEMENT AND JUSTIFICATION OF RESEARCH18

CHAPTER 4: RESEARCH AIM AND OBJECTIVES20

CHAPTER 5: SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY22

CHAPTER 6: METHODOLOGY24

Research Design and Data Collection25

Data analysis method25

Feasibility and Appropriateness26

Quality and Verification27

Protocol28

Informed Consent and Ethical Considerations29

CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSION31

CHAPTER 8: BIBLIOGRAPHY33

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

Introduction

The maintenance of infrastructure and services within a community has evolved various problems in development projects since 1980s. Self-help efforts are important in the management of certain projects such as management of waste and sanitary system. They should also develop and grow a sound analytical origin and produce measurable and transferable results. Aliani & Molcard (2003) describes that while immense amount of effort and money devoted to improving the community, there are two unanswered questions on whether community development can actually help in the reduction of emerging social challenges. In this thought, more accomplishments appear in understanding how communities can achieve sustainable growth that includes the promotion of quality of life in both practical as well as in academic perspectives. This study analyses the impact of plastics on health and environment in African countries. It also shows the experiences of waste management within communities. To execute these challenges, the government and community should employ an approach majoring in creativity and techniques that exact program design.

According to Altschuld (2010), businesses, governments and civil groups have introduced various programs for community development meant for reducing decades of societal decline. Needs assessment is the process that determines and addresses the needs, or gaps that fall between the desired conditions and the current positions. Watkins & Kaufman (2002) shows a need is a necessity and is a gap between what is present and what should be there. Needs assessment process is important in the planning process and used to improve individuals, organizations and communities at large. Boerger et al. (2010) shows a community needs assessment involves gathering information and engaging the community to focus on actions that help in meeting the desired goals. The community needs assessment process identifies the strengths and weaknesses of that particular community in this case the weakness is waste management. Once the community identifies the need, the next process involves the creation of a solution (Andrady 2011).

Research Question

This research tends to revolve around the following questions:

How plastic littering tends to cast a negative notion on health and environment of Ghana in particular?

What challenges do a local government, environmentalists, researchers and communities face when dealing with waste management?

What measures needs to be adopted in order to inject waste management practices in African Countries?

Limitations of Study

Some factors do not post direct threat to the nomenclature and modus operandi of the research; however, they in one way or the other tends to limit the potential and the results which a research can achieve. As these factors are directly related to the nature and scale of the data collected. In the context of this research limitations were ...