INVASIVE DUCTAL CARCINOMA

Invasive Ductal Carcinoma



Table of Contents

Introduction1

Analysis2

causes of breast cancer3

Patient History3

Clinical And Medical History4

Ethical Considerations4

Mammographic Imaging Techniques4

Positioning Difficulties5

Consideration Of Anatomy And Physiology6

Technical Considerations7

Equipment Description7

Mammographic Findings7

Microscopic Report9

Macroscopic Description9

Clinical Details9

Cytology / Pathology9

Multidisciplinary Role9

Histopathology Report10

Correlation Of Mammogram To Ultrasound Findings10

Patient Management / Treatment11

Surgery11

Chemotherapy12

Radiotherapy12

Hormone13

Further Investigation13

Conclusion13

References14

Table of Figures

Figure 1 - Mammography image taken by Jessica 2011.8

Figure 2 - Ultrasound image taken by Denis Li 2011.11

Invasive Ductal Carcinoma

Introduction

Breast cancer is an abnormal proliferation of cells in the mammary gland. It is most often carcinoma arose from the epithelium of the glands themselves or their channels (Hortobagyi 1998).One woman in nine is affected by breast cancer during her life, and one woman in 27 dies due to breast cancer. In most cases, breast cancer occurs after the age of 50 (Diagnose me, 2011).

According to a study by the World Health Organization (World Health Organization, WHO), for the years 2000-2001, the world appears each year about 10 million new cases of invasive cancer and these 10% are from breast cancer. It turns out that breast cancer is common among women, around 22%. This figure reaches 27% if we consider the populations of the richest countries, as the risk factors are obesity and smoking, the most popular in industrialized countries (Abeloff et al. 2008). In this case study, we will be examining a patient, who has suffered from breast cancer.

Analysis

It has been observed that the disease usually occurs in women; however, men also become a victim of breast cancer. Some key terminologies are:

Adenocarcinoma: An adenocarcinoma is a cancer that develops in glandular tissue (tissue that produces and secretes a substance). The ducts and lobules of the breast are glandular tissue (Beral 2003).

Carcinoma in situ: This term is used with reference to the early stage of cancer, when it is still confined to the layer of cells where it began to grow. They do not develop in the deeper tissues of the breast nor spread to other organs of the body, thus, these tumours referred to as non-invasive or pre-invasive breast cancers (Avis et al. 2005).

Invasive carcinoma: An invasive cancer is when it grows beyond the layer of cells where it started. Most breast cancers are invasive carcinomas, whether it is invasive ductal carcinoma or invasive lobular carcinoma. (American Cancer Society, 2010)

Sarcoma: Sarcomas are cancers that start from connective tissues such as muscle, adipose tissue or blood vessels. Sarcoma of the breast is rare (Brenton et al. 2005).

Ever since I have begun the breast ultrasound course, I have started to observe and perform breast interventional procedures. From this, I am aiming to learn more and gain profession in the near future.

Causes of Breast Cancer

The exact cause of breast cancer is unknown. Factors that may increase the risks for a woman are cases from inheritance, early puberty, late pregnancy, obesity and lifestyle, as well as, heavy drinking or smoking. The majority of breast cancers found in women older than 50 years and women most at risk are those who are over 60 (Chung et ...