Introduction to Counselling

Introduction to Counselling

Introduction to Counselling

For this assignment I have selected four sections which are behaviourism, psychoanalytical theory, cognitive behavioural therapy and the humanism. Moreover these four sections are discussed in the context of the counselling. In the behaviourism the Pavlov's theory of the classical conditioning and skinner's theory of the operant conditioning has been highlighted, the difference between these two theories is also discussed. The conscious, preconscious and unconscious state in the psychoanalytical theory is highlighted. Similarly the cognitive behavioural therapy and humanism is discussed in light of the Maslow hierarchy and roger's perspective. Counselling psychology is a psychological specialization that alleviates people's personal and social performance in their lives. This field of psychology focuses on the social, emotional, professional, developmental, health-related and organizational interests for people (Killips & McGinnis, 2012, 93-99).

Behaviourism

The role of Behaviourism plays a vital role in the counselling because it is the behaviour of the respondent on which a counsellor is working on. Behaviourism is the set of psychological theories that postulate the behaviour as the most suitable object of study of Psychology. The behaviour is usually defined by means of the analytical unit's responses and stimuli investigated by the methods used by natural science called Behavioural Analysis. Historically, the observation and description of the behaviour made opposition to the use of the method of introspection.

In the counselling it is necessary to observe the motivation. For a behaviour to be modified is in need of a stimulus and a response, which together develop a skill or skill to be practiced. Motivation influences behaviour, this has an answer and this behaviour may be intrinsic or extrinsic. Counsellor should analyze the intrinsic and extrinsic behaviour of the clients and they should treat their clients accordingly. Classical conditioning, also called Pavlov Ian conditioning, respondent conditioning, or model stimulus-response (SR), is a type of associative learning that was first demonstrated by Ivan Pavlov. The simplest form of classical conditioning remembers what Aristotle called the law of contiguity (Rennie, 2010, 40-56). In essence, the philosopher said, "When two things commonly occur together, the appearance that brings the other to mind." Although the law of contiguity is one of the primary axioms of classical conditioning theory, the explanation given by this theoretical phenomenon differs radically from that described by Aristotle as they put emphasis on not making any reference to concepts as "mind". That is, all concepts not measurable, quantifiable and directly observable. Moreover, it is more accurate to say that more than mere temporal contiguity, is the dependency relationship between the display between the first and the second stimulus which provides the conditions in which conditioning occurs.

However, under the agency relationship established between the presentation of both stimuli, so that one works consistently as a condition of the presence of another, you may pass another stimulus also evoke RI, but not before to. For example, the presence of the sound of a bell a few seconds before the presentation of the food: after a few trials, the ...