Introduction

Socialist political philosophy has existed since the beginning of recorded history. It has also taken on a great number of forms since its emergence in antiquity. However, no theory of socialism has had a greater impact on the modern world than the philosophy constructed by the 19th-century German thinker Karl Marx. Marx's theory of socialism originated from (and was a direct response to) the capitalist mode of production. Marx, particularly, focused on the relationship between capitalism as an economic system and industrial development in Western Europe during the middle of the 19th century. Along with his lifelong collaborator, Friedrich Engels (1820-1895), Marx wrote several epic volumes that impacted almost all Western political thought from his time through the present. Some of Marx's most influential works, such as the first volume of Capital and The Communist Manifesto, were published during his lifetime. However, many of his significant writings, such as two subsequent volumes of Capital, the German Ideology and the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts, were published posthumously In those volumes and in many more pieces, Marx developed an analysis of industrial capitalism that was both complex and comprehensive. After his death in 1883, Marx's theory was repeatedly expanded on by devotees and detractors alike. Whether they offered a new interpretation of a particular aspect of Marxian thought or a rigorous critique of his ideas, all those who responded to Marx ensured that his ideas will continue to live far beyond his corporeal existence. More than a century after his death, Marx remains the unequivocal “father” of modern socialist thought.

Karl Marx was born in 1818 in Trier. His father and mother were Jews. His father was a lawyer, but could not continue because of his Jewish faith and the practice of Sun converted to Protestantism in 1817. The Marx family converted to Protestantism in 1824. The original family name was Marx Levi and the old Jewish family Mordecai.  In the period 1830-1835, Karl Marx visited the school.  Subsequently, he studied law, philosophy and history at the universities of Bonn and Berlin.  Especially in Berlin, Marx came in contact with Hegelianism, which he examined closely. Karl Marx (1818-83) was one of the first groups of left-wing Hegelians before the Franco-German annals of Hegel's Philosophy of Law criticized (1844). Marx took over but always Hegelian modes of representation and terminology as in his analysis of the concept of value , the "sale" of the "real time", the transition from quality to quantity and the opposition (Tristram, 2010).

        Marx attended Communist meetings in London. 1848 Marx and Engels wrote for the "League of Communists" in London, the "Manifesto of the Communist Party."  In the same year Marx also had to leave Brussels. In early 1845, Marx moved to Brussels where, together with Engels had written the book "German ideology", which contained the basic principles of historical materialism. In early 1847 the leaders of the League of the Just turned to Marx and Engels with the proposal to reorganize the union. In June 1847, in London with the ...