Intellectual disabilities

Intellectual disabilities

Introduction

Intellectual disability was initially defined during the period of 1953 as “idiot” an individual who is not able to count or utter the name of his mother and father. After certain period Esquirol put forward a more refined definition by stating it as “idiocy” a position of individual in which its intellectual faculties are not properly developed that are clearly visible from the age of childhood and are incurable.

Meanwhile, according to (Cooper et al, 2009) in the beginning of nineteenth century a more detailed illustration of this disease was put forward as “human being has slight or rigorous intellectual disability or mild intellectual disability”. The primary objective of the researcher is to “understanding and forming ways of addressing the needs of students suffering from intellectual disability”. In order to accomplish this objective the researcher has used qualitative research methodology in which major date was gathered through primary sources.

Discussion

Basic facts of intellectual disability

In this perspective (Davies & Beamish, 2009) explained that intellectual disability can be remembered through numerous names for instance (mental retardation, learning disability, mental handicap and others). On the other hand, almost all of the above provided definitions comprise of three common elements (considerable restrictions in intellectual execution connected with considerable confines in adaptive actions, which are mostly observed before maturity) but there exist broad theoretical and equipped disparity with respect to these criterions.

However, the prevailing differentiation among these criteria can better be understood from the latest definition of intellectual disability provided by well-known and respectable health care organizations. AAMR (American association for mental retardation) in year 2002 provided a comprehensive illustration of mental retardation as “a disability described by comprehensive confines equally in intellectual performance and in adaptive actions as uttered in theoretical, communal, and convenient adaptive proficiency and individual starts suffering from this ability before going towards the age of maturity.

American Association of mental retardation new theoretical framework upholds natural method founded on three primary features that allow a consideration of the association between an individual intellectual disability and its state of performance (Einfeld et al, 2006). The framework provided by AAMR is based on five key proportions i.e. (intellectual abilities, adaptive actions, involvement, communication and public responsibility, physical conditions and other elements that control the performance of human being.

Thus, the evaluation of person intensity of performance concludes the kind and amount of support and individual gets from its surroundings (Maulik & Darmstadt, 2007). Meanwhile, the help provided by the surrounding has either a constructive or an adverse weight on the expansion of one's skills that transform into potency or limits in every aspects of the proposed model. On the other hand, it is explained as the subject of mutual association among the individual and his surroundings.

Legal definition of intellectual disability

Before 2010, IDEA used to represent this disability with the term “Mental retardation”, however, after the signing of Rosa's Law by president Barak Obama IDEA changes the term to “intellectual disability” but there was no change in the definition of the ...