Impact of Rising Population on Indian Economy

Introduction

The Republic of India is located in South Asia, a region composed of seven countries (Including India): Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Maldives. Also of certain cultural elements, the region has in the past the presence of British colonization as common elements. India gained independence in 1947 saw the establishment of the republic in 1950 with the enactment of the Constitution. In this, many institutions followed the British parliamentary model, drawing particularly on reforms introduced in 1919 and 1935. The republic was characterized from the beginning by a centralization of power, but always had to compete with the interests varied and conflicting regional economies. The Indian state has always attached to the ideals of democracy and economic growth plan, although the last point is in doubt due to the neoliberal economic reforms - delve on this later - conducted during the 1980 and 1990. After independence, MK Gandhi, one of the main leaders of nationalist movement, was absent from the spirit of the new reforms, although Jawaharlal Nehru, the first to assume the post of Prime Minister (1947-1964) was called himself "spiritual son of Gandhi."

Few who follow the message of Gandhi, among which we mention Vinobha Bhave who initiates the movement bhooudan, gift of land, in 1951, seeking the owners pass out the plots were among the least. Perhaps the two influences are visible Gandhi search for the elimination of discrimination against the untouchables and the insistence on the Indian secularism (always concerned about the coexistence of different communities religious. The consensus was that this economy would be directed by the State and that the main objective would industrialize the country. At the time of independence, annual growth was 1%, the expectation life expectancy was 32 ??years and 84% were illiterate. By 1980, the life expectancy had risen to 55 and there had been no major famines since independence, in addition to the annual growth were 3.5% and the population of 2.2%. What did exist was malnutrition rural areas. Comparatively speaking, countries of the region like Sri Lanka had better off: malnutrition was rare and life expectancy is 62 years and in 1960 and for 1995 was 72 (Datt & Sundharam, pp. 49).

By contrast, in India 51% of the population was illiterate in 1995 while in Sri Lanka 90% were literate - although the first had nuclear capability. This growth in India, although it was not unusual, as the experienced by other countries in the region led to believe during the 1950s and 1960 that South Asia had a promising future, while economies are currently successful as South Korea had problems. Thus, the advantages that India had after independence were some inherited from the colonial system. There was an effective administrative structure and a stable government dominated by a well-organized political party, the Indian National Congress.

There were educated elite of important dimensions. Just as an indigenous entrepreneurial class, which characterized by a high degree of concentration had formed clusters ...