Image Processing in Computer Science

Abstract

This research paper discusses image processing in computer science. In the first section, image and image processing has been defined. The origins of image processing are discussed. The paper sheds light on the main components of image processing along with the steps involved in image processing. In the final section, the application of image processing in various fields is discussed.

Contents

Abstractii

Introduction1

Image1

Image Processing1

History of Image Processing2

Steps involved in Image Processing2

Image Acquisition3

Image Enhancement3

Image Restoration4

Components of an Image Processing System5

Sensing and Digitizer5

Specialized Image Processing Hardware5

Computer Machine5

Software6

Mass Storage Capability6

Image Displays6

Hardcopy Devices7

Networking7

Applications of Image Processing7

Medical Imaging7

Photography8

Remote Sensing8

Forensics9

Military9

Transportation10

Conclusion10

References11

Image Processing in Computer Science

Introduction

Image processing is the processing and manipulation of various elements of images through an image processing system for various purposes. Image processing lays emphasis on two main tasks. They include processing of data of image for representation, transmission, and storage for sovereign machine perception as well as improvement of information contained in image for human interpretation

Image

In the real world, an analogue image is a function of variables that are real. Let's suppose that a(x,y) is function of the image. In this function, a is the amplitude of the image. The amplitude can be any image factor such as brightness, intensity, gray level and so forth. In a(x,y), variables x and y are spatial coordinates of plane (Young et.al, n.d.). From this function, it can be said that a is located at real coordinate position (x.y). A digital image function a[m,n] is defined in a 2-dimensional space that is discrete in nature. A digital image is converted from an analogue image in 2-dimensional space that is continuous in nature. A process of sampling called digitization is used for conversion of an analogue image to a digital one.

Image Processing

Digital Image Processing is a method of processing digital images through a digital computer. It includes procedures whose outputs as well as inputs are images. Additionally, it includes processes that extract various image traits, including and up to the identification of individual object (Gonzalez & Woods, 2009).

History of Image Processing

One early applications of image processing occurred in the newspaper printing. Photographs were transmitted from New York to London and vice versa through submarine cable. In 1920s, a new cable picture transmission system called Bartlane was introduced to reduce the transportation time a picture took from further than one week to fewer than 3 hours. Dedicated equipment for printing coded images for sending through cable at the transmitting end and then restructured those pictures at the reception end (Lyons, n.d.).

These systems had the capability of coding images in 5 distinct gray levels. In 1929, the levels got incremented to fifteen levels using 15-tone equipment. In 1960s, the onset of the space race and enhancements in computer technology led to a surge of work in digital image processing. In 1964, such an image processing was used to improve the quality of images take on the moon by the Ranger 7 probe. This technique was also used in other space missions such as Apollo ...