All intentional actions that violate human rights can be divided into two categories. First, direct; performed by actors with the purpose of violating human rights. Second, indirect; performed by actors who are responding to the directives issued by other authoritative parties to engage in violation of human rights. Within the category of indirect violations, there are active and passive indirect violations.
Discussion
Active Indirect Violations
Active indirect violations are acts that take positive steps to deprive individuals of their rights, where the extent and methods used in the violation are at the discretion of the subordinate party (Beauchamp & ...