How DNA research on crime scenes are better now than in the early 90's

How DNA research on crime scenes are better now than in the early 90's

Abstract

DNA has been long used for the tracking of the crime and to solve the mystery behind the problem which has arisen. The DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) has been used a tool for the forensic specialists to extract the information regarding, who has been involved in the crime committed. The DNA has special information which is unique in every being exist on planet earth. It can be found in the hair, blood, semen, human and animal tissues etc and varies on individual basis. A DNA structure and information of a parent can not be the same as of his off-springs. We all exist on this planet with unique and different DNA information. In this assignment, we will be discussing the limitations of DNA in Forensic Sciences. Forensic Sciences is a field of science which deals with the purposes of law and provides a scientific impartial evidence for the use of law/court, like for instance, trial and criminal investigation. Forensic Science is a subject with multidisciplinary concept derived from chemistry and biology that draws conclusions on the basis of drawing principals, it also have geology, physics and social science involved in partial ways.

Introduction

The advancement in technology has led to many developments in DNA analysis for criminal investigation. For instance, forensic hair analysis is one such technique using which the sequence of events in a crime scene can be gauged and reconstructed before the court. According to Locard's principle, upon which the entire DNA analysis is based, every contact leaves a trace (Thompson, 2008). Pointing fingers at the guilty has become all the easier and the criminal investigation process all the more robust with these advancements in technology.

The United States of America, which is the empire of note, is still using the same techniques for DNA profiling as they were using ten years ago. The scientists argue that they are not lagging behind in that although the progress of scientific research is slow in the field, the efficacy of the method is restored from the fact that it is virtually impossible for criminals to leave no trace behind. This is so because 90 percent of the human body is composed of microbes which are very easy to match with a sample over the computer (Innocence Project, 2012).

Today, using the Digital Image Processing Techniques, forensic scientists can construct accurate DNA profile from even the most contaminated and defective fingerprints. The enhancement of legibility of such fingerprints is carried out in accordance with the guidance provided by Scientific Working Group on Friction Ridge Analysis.

Isotope ratio mass spectroscopy is another breakthrough that helps in the construction of criminal DNA profile using samples of his hair. As per one of the most recent researches on DNA profiling, it is assumed that over the next coming years, it would be possible for forensic scientists to construct a profile ...