HIV

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Introduction

In this paper, we will discuss about the case study of Mr. X who had the human immunodeficiency virus in early years of his age. He lived in Africa. Contrary to popular belief, malaria is the leading cause of death in Africa. In recent years, HIV / AIDS robbed him this sad place. But the peculiarity of the impact of the HIV / AIDS in Africa is not only quantitative. It is also and above qualitative.

In quantitative terms, it appears that the African continent, especially in its southern Sahara, by far the world region most affected by the epidemic. For example, the thirty-six million people infected, more than twenty five million live in Africa south of the Sahara. On five million new infections over three million live there, and the three million deaths, more than two million are in the area.

Worse still, the qualitative HIV / AIDS deep and enduring the unstructured family, the society and the state in Africa. These are indeed the most productive forces, but at the same time the most vulnerable who are most affected by the infection, including women and youth. One consequence of the impact on women than on thirteen million

Mode of Transmission

The HIV virus wad transmitte4d to him at the time when he donated his blood in a camp arranged for the flood victims. Due to dearth of proper sanitization and lack of sterilized equipment, the HIV virus entered into his body.

Diagnosis

Antibody Test

Principle is to say that an HIV test should be performed only with the consent of the person concerned. The currently most widely used test in order to detect an HIV infection is the screening test for antibodies.

If the test is positive, that is, if HIV-antibodies are found, the result must be confirmed by the analysis of a second blood sample. This is necessary because the screening test is a small percentage of false positive test results. The second sample is (with a different, more expensive and more accurate test methods, for

The antibody test is not descriptive immediately after infection. In the first four to twelve weeks after infection are not yet sufficient antibodies are present, are not enough antibodies present to them the test is used to. In the first three months of a HIV risk a negative antibody test therefore offers no assurance that really no infection is present ("diagnostic gap" or "diagnostic window").

Further development of the antibody screening tests, one tries to reduce the diagnostic window. Screening tests of the fourth generation at the same time point next to HIV antibodies according to a specific protein, which is formed by the viruses (p24 antigen). But even with these tests remains the risk of infection cannot be detected.

Polymerase Chain Reaction

With the PCR test, the HIV virus can be detected directly. The PCR (polymerase chain reaction Polymerase Chain Reaction) is a genetic method. With her a part of the genetic information of the virus is reproduced several 1000-fold, so that ...