History of Modern Psychology

History of Modern Psychology

Introduction

Psychology is the science that studies human behavior and mental processes. The term "psychology" comes from the Latin term Psychologia, which is itself formed from ancient Greek studies concerning breath, mind, soul) and logic, science, study, and research) by the humanist scholar Croatian Marko Marulic in the book Psichiologia animae ratione Humanae. (Windelband & Tufts 1958). This paper discusses the various schools of thoughts of Psychology.

Discussion

History of Psychology

The history of psychology goes back to antiquity in the steps where the first traces of a reflection on the mental phenomena and behavior were found in writings dating back to ancient Egypt. From that time through the ancient Greece and the worlds Chinese , Indian and Arab-Muslims until the 1870s , psychology was mainly seen as a branch of psychology and its history is therefore in the history of this last.

Since the beginnings of psychology in Greece, with so-called pre-Socratic philosophers, we can see attempts to understand the whole universe from the beginning

Parmenides of Elea (VI-V century BC.) is considered to be the founder of the ontology. It is he who first used the concept of being / entity in the abstract. This knowledge, metaphysics, the human spirit began when he became aware of that reality alone is not what is understandable through senses, but that which is apprehended by thought. Parmenides's influence is decisive in the history of psychology. To Parmenides, the fundamental question of psychology was: What is the world made of?

Long before the pioneering work of Plato (-427, -348) and Aristotle (-384, -322) in psychology (the term existed as men were interested in perception, sensations, emotions, feelings and thought. The tracks are in Iliad and the Odyssey, and in the mythologies of all peoples and in the sacred books. During the first stage of its development, psychology appears under the general conception of the universe. Only gradually does the discipline is being introduced with concepts such as observation but also experimentation, thus making it a distinct discipline with a defined purpose, which is approached empirically and experimentally (Seth 1912).

Socrates and Plato raised the question of man and of his mental life. Aristotle played his role in establishing philosophical psychology as a science. Briefly summarizing the thinking of Aristotle, "psyche" is identified as an attribute of life and comprises of processes that takes place in it, such as reasoning, perception, motion, and quiescence. There are three levels of the soul: the vegetative, the sensory and the rational.

Schools of Thought

Realist / Realism (metaphysical/philosophical)

In modern psychology the term Realism is applied to the doctrine that says that common objects perceived by the senses, such as furniture, have an existence independent of one's being perceived. In its extreme form, sometimes called Naive Realism, it is thought that things perceived by the senses are in fact what they seem. In more complex versions, sometimes referred to as Critical Realism, there is some explanation of the relationship between the object and the observer who takes into account the ...