Health Informatics

Health Informatics

Introduction

The study aims to analyze the affect of glucose levels in blood on blood pressure, vasculature and cardiac functions. The paper also reflects light on the most accurate technique in order to diagnose diseases of diabetes. According to study made by (Lee et al, 2011, pp.1093-7) there is relation between variation in changes in glucose levels and BMI. This paper discusses the hypothesis testing of that whether there is any relation of changes in glucose level and BMI or not. The (Diabetes Research Wellness Foundation, nd, pp.4-5) defines Diabetes is a disorder which converts glucose into energy where this energy is needed for the body's oranges function.

The food which we take converts into diffusible and absorbable form generally called digested food. The digested food converts into carbohydrates and finally these carbohydrates convert into glucose. Body cells use this glucose as a source of energy, but for the utilization of glucose and to maintain the level of glucose in the body insulin is required. Insulin is a hormone secreted by beta cells of Pancreas. There are two types of types Type 1 and Type 2.

In Type 1, beta cells produced by the pancreas are destroyed by a beta cell-specific autoimmune process. Moreover the pathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes destroys beta cells, macrophages, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and dendrites cells (Yoon and Jun, 2005, pp.580-91). On the other hand, in Type 2, insufficient B cells are produced. It is important to find an easy way to diagnose diabetes and to control it by measuring the glucose level in the blood accurately. The hemoglobin A1c test (also known as the HbA1c test) provides an accurate average glucose level (www.diabetes.webmd.com). Many people are unaware form the measurement of glucose level in the body. It is necessary that glucose level should be checked on regular basis. The below discussion covers the empirical investigation of abnormal changes in glucose level with various other factors like MAP, cardiac output and BMI.

Discussion

In this study four variables were under study BMI, cardiac output , mean arterial pressure and glucose level. The number of observations is 20 in which 10 are male and 10 are female.

Data is taken from VLE. BMI is calculated by dividing weight and height of the persons. Table 1 and Table 2 present data of BMI and glucose of male and female respectively.

Male BMI VS Glucose

Number of Observations

BMI- male

Glucose

Subject

1

20.676

5.4

4

2

24.24

4.4

7

3

21

4.5

8

4

22.1

5.4

9

5

21

5.3

10

6

23

4.7

11

7

23.32

5

15

8

21.5

5

18

9

26.2

6.4

21

10

21.4

6.1

26

Table1

BMI-female VS Glucose

Number of Observations

BMI-female

Glucose

Subject

1

26.6

4.8

1

2

25.1

4.4

2

3

22.03

4.2

12

4

21.6

5.8

22

5

18

5.1

24

6

20.78

5.9

27

7

29.2

5.6

28

8

40

6.2

31

9

22.4

4.5

32

10

28.8

5.9

48

Table 2

In table 3 and 4 mean arterial pressure (MAP) of male and female is presented and glucose level is compared with MAP. The MAP is calculate by the formula = DBP+ (0.33*(SBP-DBP).

Mean arterial pressure-male VS Glucose

Number of Observations

MAP-male

Glucose

Subject

1

83.7

5.4

4

2

104.7

4.4

7

3

85

4.5

8

4

100

5.4

9

5

82.3

5.3

10

6

95.3

4.7

11

7

71.3

5

15

8

113

5

18

9

102

6.4

21

10

85

6.1

26

Table 3

Mean arterial pressure-female VS Glucose

Number of Observations

MAP-female

Glucose

Subject

1

79

4.8

1

2

74

4.4

2

3

71.7

4.2

12

4

78.7

5.8

22

5

80.3

5.1

24

6

101.3

5.9

27

7

90.7

5.6

28

8

87.7

6.2

31

9

92.7

4.5

32

10

121

5.9

48

Table 4

In order to calculate Cardiac output the formula proposed by (Bridwell and Greene, 156, pp.250-3) was used. The formula is

Cardiac output (ml/min): Q (ml/min) = SV x HR

Whereas

Stroke value (SV) = 66.0+ (0.34*pulse pressure)-(0.11* Diastolic pressure)-(0.36*age)

Pulse pressure (PP) = Systolic pressure (SP) - Diastolic pressure ...