HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE

Health & Social Care

Health & Social Care

Life expectancy is the expected number of years of life remaining at a given age. The average life expectancy of people is largely dependent on care. There are large differences in life expectancy between different parts of the world, mainly due to differences in public health, medical care and nutrition. There are also significant differences in life expectancy between men and women in most countries where women tend to outlive men by about five years. (Bishai, Opuni & Poon, 2007, pp. 74-81)

Sometimes, mostly in the past 100 years, survivors of childhood had dramatically affect life expectancy. For example, in the above table, life expectancy at birth in medieval England was 30 years. Although the various attribute and dimensions of the samples, methods and theoretical assumptions produce some noticeable changes in expected life expectancy. Interpretation of available data of last century shows that the appearance of advanced age has become more common at the end of human evolution.

This increase in life expectancy is explained by some authors as the cultural adaptation rather than phylogenetic changes. Although some studies shows that during the Neolithic Revolution, the choice of foreign influence mortality risk from genotypic expression was in favour of increasing life expectancy in the next population. In New England, about 40% of children failed to reach adulthood in last 100 years.. While in last century, the measures of healthcare have credited a major increase in life expectancy in UK. During the 20th century, life expectancy in the UK has increased by more than 30 years. The major reason behind this increase in life expectancy is the increase in healthcare. In order to evaluate the quality of those extra years of life, healthy life expectancy was calculated for the last 30 years. (Hill, Thomas & AbouZahr, 2007, pp. 1311-1319)

Life expectancy can also be affected by the influence of high air pollution levels highway or industrial air pollution. This is the one way that the occupation can have a big impact on life expectancy. Coal miners (and in previous generations, asbestos mills), often have shorter expected life than average life.

Men aged 65-84 are more likely to die from most of the leading causes of death than women. Some of them are in the UK include cancer of the respiratory system, accidents, suicide, cirrhosis, emphysema, and coronary heart disease. (Dzakpasu, Joseph & Kramer, 2000, pp. 1-5)

The reasons of increase life expectancy in men aged 65-84 years are not fully defined. Most elderly men aged 65-84 died from infectious diseases such as pneumonia and tuberculosis, diseases of the heart, kidneys and brain haemorrhage. Other factors affecting human lifespan of men aged 65-84 are genetic disorders, obesity, and access to medical care, diet, exercise, smoking, tobacco, and drug abuse.

A further increase in life expectancy will come from the victory over cancer and cardio - vascular diseases, but the average life expectancy is obviously not change. Today men aged 65-84 has as much chance to live another ...