HAEMOLYTIC DISEASE

Haemolytic Disease of Fetus and Newborn



Haemolytic Disease of Fetus and Newborn

2.5 Clinical Laboratory Investigations of HDFN Tests

This disease is the result of immunological incompatibility between maternal and fetal blood (Rh-factor and its sub-types, blood groups). The most common cause of hemolytic disease is Rh factor. This is a congenital disease characterized by enhanced dissolution of red blood cells (hemolysis). This is the most dangerous form of the disease and it is a condition that develops when a pregnant woman has Rh-negative blood in case of having a RH positive child. The under mentioned clinical laboratory tests have been proven as effective, quality assurance and result oriented to identify the Hemolytic Disease of Fetches Newborns.

Blood Tests: A decrease in the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin decreased, a significant increase in reticulocyte smears sees nucleated red blood cells. With the operator, together with nucleated red blood cells, white blood cell count and thus can be greatly increased. These changes in blood with hemolysis the severity varies.

Blood Examination: The mother-to-child Rh blood group incompatibility when identified with horse serum ABO blood appears wrong given the possibility of the ABO blood group. Horse in human erythrocyte surface antigen stimulation, when the anti-A (B) antibody also produced anti-IgG class antibodies, found unexplained doubt should think of the disease may be in favor of human serum to identify the ABO blood group (Urbaniak, 1985).

Specific Antibody Test: Immune antibody. The blood say nothing of jaundice index increased bilirubin, due to the different methods of operation, the results can be a difference of more than three times. Urobilinogen excretion of urine, feces. Biliary bile plug obstruction, large can be gray, and check to see bilirubin in the urine. ABO hemolytic disease of the red blood cell acetylcholinesterase activity was significantly decreased. Plasma albumin, prothrombin and fibrinogen may be reduced, which can contribute to bleeding. The severe, available thrombocytopenia, prolonged bleeding time, poor clot contraction. A small number of DIC.

Amniotic fluid checks the bilirubin level.

Imaging.

Other laboratory tests.

The sensitization of fetal maternal blood cells occurs upon cessation of placental barrier which prevents mixing of the mother's blood with the blood of a child. Typically, this happens only at the time of delivery. When the child's red blood cell Rh (+) gets into the bloodstream of mother Rh (-) a woman's body begins to produce antibodies IgM and IgG. IgG have the ability to pass across the placenta in subsequent pregnancies. As a result of the antibody binding to erythrocytes result in the destruction of the fetus and lead to anemia fetal intrauterine growth retardation resulting in even miscarriage (Carbonell, 2010). Hemolytic disease usually appears only in a subsequent pregnancy in the event of non-compliance antigens maternal and fetal blood. However, it may occur in the first pregnancy, the intrauterine procedures were performed, resulting in came into contact with the blood of the baby's blood mother. Almost all women with Rh negative blood are identified in the first months of her first pregnancy detected by a simple blood ...