Fetal Alcohol Syndrome



Abstract

The prenatal exposure to alcohol can direct to a wide variety of unpleasant and undesirable effects on a fetus that is in the developing phase. To compile it in simple words, these kinds of teratogenic results usually called as the Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). In the FASD, the most stern and rigorous effect is the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS). The children that are diagnosed clinically with the fetal alcohol syndrome differ to a great extent in their symptoms presentation. This is because of the consumption of alcohol, its amount and timing of exposure, along with the genetic and maternal manipulations. All these type factors and reasons play a significant and vital part in determining and shaping the methods through which the alcohol harms a brain that is the developing phase. For the most part, the reasons and facts of these factors are still unidentified. However, the recent developments and the ongoing research have given hopeful and considerable outcomes. These outcomes can direct to the therapies of treatment and mechanisms of screening for the children that are associated with FAS. In this paper, we will review the alcohol effects that are teratogenic in nature, differences, diagnosis criteria, recognition of the fetal biological markers, the strategies and approaches for the detection of maternal consumption of alcohol, and the methods of prevention for the FAS.

Executive Summary

In this research paper, the fetal alcohol syndrome is discussed that is the most severe disease of the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Disorder. In addition, the role of alcohol as a teratogen is also described that how it affects the development and growth of the infant. In this all the possible effects of alcohol are discussed with the negative outcomes that are observed in the babies. Fetal alcohol syndrome is considered as the most frequent and extensive stoppable reason of the mental disability in the children. Additionally, the differences between the normal children and the children that are born with the fetal alcohol syndrome are also discussed. The paper also discusses the early diagnosis and treatments that are required to stop the FAS in children. Furthermore, the paper discusses the fetal biological markers that are used for the diagnosis of the FAS and during pregnancy, the detection of maternal alcohol consumption. In the end, the prevention plans for the FAS are discussed so as to minimize this disease in children.

Abstracti

Executive Summaryiii

Introduction1

Discussion2

Epidemiology3

Alcohol as a Teratogen5

Differences6

Diagnostic Criteria8

Fetal Biological Markers9

Detecting Maternal Alcohol Consumption10

FAS Prevention11

Conclusion12

References14

Annotated Bibliography17

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Introduction

In the United States, the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) happens in the rates that vary from 0.2 to 1.5 per 1000 live births. These rates depend on the populations that are studied and the methods of surveillance that is used. Due to these facts, FAS is made one of the foremost, and recognized avertable reasons of the birth imperfections and the mental retardation. The newborn babies that are exposed to the alcohol and typically analyzed with the FAS develop the irregularities of face, development retardation, and abnormalities of the central nervous ...