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Female Genital Cutting

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Female Genital Cutting

Female Genital Cutting



Introduction

The female genital cutting is a crucial element of ritual initiation ceremonies in some communities, since it marks the transition to adulthood for girls. Female Genital Cutting (FGC) is a popular belief as a means of controlling female sexuality (Adam et al 2010). The origin of these practices is relatively unknown to researchers, but there is evidence of their existence before the advent of Christianity and the Islam, in communities that perpetuate today. The age of girls at the time of cutting varies by region. Female genital cutting is performed on infants after a few days, on girls aged 7 to 10 years, and on adolescents. At present, female genital cutting is widely practiced in Africa. To a lesser extent, FGC is also practiced in Asia, the Middle East, the Arabian Peninsula, in Australia and Latin America and some Western countries (Billing & Kentenich 2008).

Today, organizations working on behalf of human rights in Western countries, in Africa and Asia, consider female genital cutting as a violation of human rights. These practices are considered unacceptable forms of modification of the physical integrity of the individual, especially as these cuttings are performed on people too young or too vulnerable to give their informed consent. Surgeons describe it as "a crime because of multiple rape, incest, cutting and ignorance”. Female genital cutting is illegal in most countries of the world (Momoh 2011).

Thesis Statement

Worldwide, more than 130 million women and girls who have suffered genital mutilation, where as The mutilation of women is a violation of human rights, including the right to bodily integrity and physical and mental health.

Research Question

How stressful a situation can be because of genital cutting in women?

What are the consequences that might affect female body?

What are the treatments for fgm, and how effective are they?

What type of FGM is commonly practiced worldwide?

What is the frequency of female genital mutilation?

What are some reasons girls and women give for this practice?

Types of FGC

The generic term FGC covers several distinct practices. In addition to the cutting involving partial or total destruction of the genitals causing the lack of sexual pleasure in women, certain forms of female circumcision are considered by their supporters as analogous to male circumcision practices in the sense that both procedures are usually based on the removal of the foreskin and the brake.

Excision

Excision

Infibulation

Introcision

Female Genital Cutting in the West

Between 1860 and 1870, the removal of the clitoris in a medical setting emerged in Britain and the United States. In the 19th century and early 20th century, clitoridectomy had a medical purpose, even if it may seem obscure. The operasation is most common in England, and still exists in the United States beyond the Victorian period. Here it is used and sometimes combined with removal of the ovaries, until 1880 when only clitoridectomy remained after this date. Medical reasons, such as "mental disorders"(hypersexuality, nervousness, hysteria) were the rationale for these operations. It was also performed to "treat" the lesbianism, but also, until 1935, ...
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