Facial Reconstruction

Contents

Introduction3

Facial Reconstruction3

Discussion4

Facial reconstruction Accuracy measurement4

Facial reconstruction Techniques6

Stage 1: Anatomical modeling6

Stage II: Morphology determination7

Stage III: Identification of the facial reconstruction to the public8

Archaeological Investigations8

3-D Facial Recognition8

Uses of Facial Recognition9

Conclusion10

Summary11

References13

Face Reconstruction

Introduction

Facial Reconstruction

The processing of the face has been one of the widely used and successful applications of image analysis. Facial reconstruction is a primary area of computer graphics technology that involves the modeling and techniques for the animation of human images and faces. It has a good level of success and is used mainly in psychology and criminal investigation purposes. It is used primarily in the two approaches; forensic sciences and archaeological field. In the department of forensic sciences, it plays the role of recognition of the dead bodies namely post-mortem. In the field of archaeology, it is used for 3-D images of the peoples from the history i.e. the remains of the skeleton, mummies the preserved bodies.

The Forensic anthropology involves the attempt to identify the human faces. It is a vital tool for the identification of the deceased persons. The catastrophic and major natural disasters such as the Earthquakes, Tsunamis, Hurricanes the remains of the human beings become extremely hard to identify. This is because of the decomposition of the bodies and the surrounding effects of the environment. The personal items and the clothing may be lost, and all the records of the identification of that individual are lost. (Black, S.). Facial preservation for the recognition of a face is sufficient to be identified by a family member , but the emotional circumstances relating to that leads to the examples of much false recognition. Around fifty percent of the Bali bombings in 12th October and the ten percent Tsunamis victims were wrongly identified the facial recognition softwares. The religious, legal and the social issues regarding the misidentification are huge. With the numerous examples like these the systematic methods used in the facial recognition are inappropriate, so the unusual and less descriptive identification methods have been recognized. The introduction of the facial reconstruction techniques can help resolve all the issues arising from the facial recognition failures. (Tolba, S. Et al. 2006).

The human skull l structure comprises 8 cranial, 22 bones and 14 facial bones. It is a complicated structure and the complex variations involved with the soft tissue differences create huge variations as seen in the Human population. Since a long period various artists are interested in the anatomy and the facial and skull relationships. These days with the advancement in technology many facial reconstruction techniques have emerged. These include the 2-D facial reconstruction and the latest 3-D softwares of facial reconstruction. This technique is used commonly in the identification of human faces, but it has also received a great deal of criticisms. The attempts to automate the process, there have been poor responses, and it has not been successful in the investigations mainly forensic. This has led to the lack of reliability and the reproducibility. Some philosophers suggest that the facial reconstruction technique is too reliant on the inflexible ...