EXPRESSION oF ASPP2

The Expression of ASPP2 in Gastric Cancer

Abstract

This investigation focused on the analysis of ASPP2 expression using IHC and other cellular proliferative antibodies such as Mib-1 and p53 within malignant and benign gastric carcinoma patients. In Total 59 patients were used of which 42 were malignant and 17 were benign. Statistical tests performed with chi square analysis revealed ASPP2 expression did not decrease with gastric cancer. Percentage of positive and negative cells regarding Mib-1, p53 and ASPP2 showed no Statistically significant differences in results. Scoring intensity revealed no Statistically significant differences in Mib-1 and p53, however ASPP2 expression showed to have statistically significant difference as higher expression was observed within malignant patient groups when compared to benign patients. Consistent results seen for ASPP2 expression may indicate ASPP2 therapy to be an alternative future treatment of gastric carcinoma and metastatic carcinoma.

Table of Contents

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION1

Introduction1

Hypothesis2

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW3

Epidemiology3

Risk factors3

Genetic factors4

Pathology5

Prognosis6

Development7

p537

Other proliferation marker: Mib-111

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY12

References13

Appendix21

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

Introduction

Gastric cancer is the second most frequent cause of cancer death in the world after lung cancer. The World Health Organization estimated that 801 000 people died of the disease in 1999. The incidence of the disease is declining worldwide, probably due to a change in nutrition, in particular the avoidance of salt for preservation of meat and fish, the lowering of salt intake from other sources and the availability in many countries of fresh fruit and vegetables throughout the year. Mortality has been further decreased by the significant advances in the early detection of stomach cancer. However, the absolute number of new Cases of gastric cancer each year is increasing, mainly because of the aging of the population (Palli, 2000, pp. 84-9).

According to Laurén's classification, gastric carcinoma can be divided into two histologically distinct types, each of which accounts for half of the Cases: intestinal and diffuse. Examples of each type are shown in Figure 1. Intestinal-type carcinomas, the predominant type of tumor in high-risk areas, have a glandular pattern and are usually accompanied by papillary formation or solid components. The diffuse type, in contrast, consists of poorly cohesive cells diffusely infiltrating the gastric wall with little or no gland formation. A special subgroup of this type is the so-called signet ring cell carcinoma, in which the cell nucleus is pushed against the cell membrane creating a classical signet ring appearance due to an expanded, globoid, optically clear cytoplasm (Huntsman, 2001, pp. 1904-9).

Gastric cancer spreads by metastasis or peritoneal dissemination. Early gastric cancer, that is, a carcinoma that is limited to the mucosa or submucosa, has a low incidence of vessel invasion and lymph node metastasis. About 95% of patients with early gastric cancer survive 5 years after surgery. Patients with advanced gastric cancer have a 5-year survival rate of 10-30%, depending on the depth of invasion. Unfortunately, most patients with advanced carcinoma already have lymph node metastases at the time of diagnosis.

Figure 1

Hypothesis

There will be no significant difference in the expression of Mib-1, p53 and ASPP2 between malignant tumours and normal gastric ...