Evolution Assignment



Abstract

The topic of evolution was prepared by examining the different experiments that were performed on mice to study their genetic behavior. The impact of evolution process on the mice was assessed by the help of these experiments. There were several findings which were obtained regarding the genetic factors of mice. The aspect related to different kinds of mice was even examined in the topic. Their behavioral elements were even identified in mice that have different genes. All these experiments were performed on mice under proper laboratory settings. This gave an opportunity to researchers for conducting the experiment in the best possible way. The result that researchers obtained from these experiments was the genes factor that plays a major role in different nature of mice.

Evolution Assignment

Introduction

The laboratory is using genetic analysis these days to better understand signaling pathways that lead to innate immune responses. To facilitate this approach, scientists have elected to focus on the differences between wild-derived and classical laboratory mice. This approach takes advantage of the fact that the wild-derived strain they study, MOLF/Ei which shares only 11% of its genome with laboratory mice as compared to 90% of shared genome between classical inbred mice. Genetic analysis of innate responses in MOLF allowed the researchers not only to reveal new components of the signaling pathways but also to identify interactions between different genes that contribute to unique signature of immune responses in wild-derived mice. Several examples of gene interactions also known as epistasis revealed in human immune dysfunctions, such as autoimmunity and AIDS. This clearly illustrates the fundamental importance of this phenomenon in human disease and support a compelling necessity for uncovering gene-gene interactions in addition to the traditional approach of assigning biological functions to individual genes. Therefore, finding adequate genetic models of epistasis is instrumental in understanding these complex disorders.

Discussion

As homologous of human genetics, classical inbred strains of mice have been indispensable in analysis of simple, monogenic traits conferred by genes making significant top-down contributions to the network. However, the majority of the classical inbred strains were separated from a common ancestor around 120 years ago and therefore do not reach the level of diversity observed in humans. In contrast, wild-derived mice diverged from the common ancestor of classical strains more than one million years ago and therefore accumulated a lot of phenotypic differences. Most importantly, wild-derived mice offer the opportunity to observe novel phenotypes that have arisen in the evolutionarily driven process of sub-speciation. Finally, comparison of the genomes of wild-derived and laboratory mice might reveal differences in even relatively simple networks of genes. Both traits have been recently mapped to several genomic loci (Boss, 2009, 110). By using levels of IL-6 protein as a phenotypic trait, researchers mapped the hyper-inflammatory responses to two main loci, termed Wild Derived Hyper-Response 1 and 2 that ultimately provided evidence that Irak1bp1 is the gene encoded by Why2, where the MOLF allele is associated with a decrease in IL-6 ...