Evaluation of Environmental Impacts of Oil Exploration and Production in Iraq after Iraqi Freedom Operation In 2003

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CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY1

3.1 Introduction1

3.2 Research Methodology and Rational1

3.3 Research Design2

3.4 Research Methods3

3.5 Data collection methods4

3.5.1 Collection of Secondary Data5

3.6 Source of Data6

3.7 Data Analysis7

3.8 Ethical Issues7

3.9 Validity and Reliability7

3.10 Limitation of the Methods.8

3.11 Summary8

REFERENCES9

CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

This chapter describes the qualitative secondary analysis methodology, which is used in this study to better understand in highlighting all the pollution activities to create more effective or practical programs that would contribute towards the prevention of the continued pollution of Iraq's land, atmosphere, and water sources by oil products. An overall analysis of research methods are being provided by the following chapter. This chapter discusses the research methods that are used in this study for finding out the data pertinent to the dissertation topic. This chapter includes the research methodology and rational, research design, source of data, data analysis, ethical issues, validity and reliability, limitation of the methods, and summary.

3.2 Research Methodology and Rational

In this study, the qualitative research method was used. The rationale for conducting qualitative secondary analysis to explore this issue is provided. The research questions are specified. The original research is described. The need for the current study is addressed. The data collection procedures and the data analysis strategies are defined. Data management and ethical considerations are presented. Research methods equate to collecting and analyzing data (Axinn & Pearce, 2006, 10). Research methods extend to action strategies and processes underlying specific research techniques. Quantitative and qualitative methods represent a research continuum rather than polarized techniques, yet with many significant differences (Weis & Fine 2004, 55). Qualitative research primarily draws on text or language used as data in developing meaning. Quantitative research uses numbers and statistical analysis for finding out relationship between independent and dependent variables. Different from quantitative research, the qualitative method involves detailed observations and extensive explanation of the complete research setting that strengthens research validity (Prasad 2005, 18). Qualitative research centres on the data collection process rather than on research outcomes largely emphasized in quantitative methods (Silverman 2010, 15).

Quantitative research is suitable to use when the researcher intends to ask, study, narrows questions as well as collects numerical data from respondents, and in an unbiased, objective manner conduct the inquiry (Creswell 2003, 10). To conduct a detailed assessment of situations has been allowed by qualitative research. This type of research is known as backyard research. The advantage of this study is that, researcher can easily attain the data from the existing sources (Prasad 2005, 18). The reason for choosing this research method is that qualitative research method is exploratory and subjective in nature and it focuses on experiences. An unstructured approach is used in this research, which provides the researcher to attain in-depth research and flexibility through existing data.

3.3 Research Design

For the purpose of the research and research issue, the research style must be appropriate. Within any study, research issue should address a particular issue as well ...