Ethics and Philosophy

Ethics and Philosophy

Answer 1:

Critical thinking is a concept that has been developed in philosophy and pedagogy to describe the fair use of reason (Kukla 2006). Some authors consider that the school teaches students more courses and content then it should do the opposite, i.e. to reason properly (which would explain, for example, the current proliferation of pseudoscience and alternative medicine). Critical thinking includes both very concrete elements (checking sources, cross the opinions of specialists, etc.) and abstract elements (like ability to avoid fallacious reasoning). One can see critical thinking in two ways: as a set of cognitive faculties and intellectual capacity to use these powers to guide the behavior. It therefore includes not only the acquisition and storage of information, rather the implementation of the knowledge in actions and behavior. Therefore philosophy and critical thinking skills are important tools both for survival and for “flourishing” as a person in the 21st century (Teichman 1900).

The question of whether philosophy is necessary in today's world has demanded answers for millenniums from a philosophical reflection. For man of yesterday and today, philosophy and philosophizing subject constitute the core of life. For this reason, philosophy is central and necessary to humans, and humans cannot do without it. Philosophy is universal in its meaning and etymologically "love of wisdom", but one of the most accepted definitions of philosophy is that it is the science of the first principles or supreme causes of the light of reason. Philosophy also examines all things, physical and non-physical, so it is a universal science. Although everyone in the world has its own philosophy (that represents the set of ideas and principles that a person theoretically or practically defines his attitude towards life), because everyone thinks differently somehow; nevertheless, we can see part of their ideology reflected in some of the doctrines of the philosophical schools that have transpired in each stage (Johnson 1984).

Philosophy is currently undergoing a global crisis. Never before humanity has been so threatened by the loss of values that nourish spiritual life, culture, coexistence and living on earth. But what Plato said that in his time, the ancient Greeks had the same problems. We are currently in the consumer world, transformed by television, radio and other media, this leads us to have a set of fashion conscious, and as a result have lost the habit to think, to reason, and to get in touch with our personality, consciously. This is where philosophy arrives, which compels us to make contact with "that" inner being, to embark on a journey of questioning, reasoning and to form an attempt to draw and formulate moral solutions to the disgust of the world (Fisher 2001).

Moreover, "all men seek happiness," says Aristotle, precisely because happiness is usually all desirable properties. Happiness could be defined as complete satisfaction and lasting of all our desires. This is how it must be distinguished from simple passing pleasures, and even joy. It is generally regarded as the goal of life, or as the equivalent of ...