ETHICS

Ethical Principles in Resolving Ethical Dilemmas

Ethical Principles in Resolving Ethical Dilemmas

Introduction

An “A-B-C-D-E” (see appendices) worksheet arranged to encourage beneficence when considering ethical issues. The works of the worksheet derives from an ethical principles and ethical decision-making models.

Ethical Principles in Resolving Ethical Dilemmas

The successful resolution of an ethical dilemma is a complex process that requires one to consider many competing alternatives and variables prior to taking action. In addition, situations, that involve breaching confidentiality, reporting an individual to authorities, protecting a potential victim, or confronting a colleague, can lead to feelings of anxiety, doubt, hesitation, anger, and confusion. Ethical codes are often ambiguous or contradictory and do not provide answers to dilemmas that arise; instead they serve only as heuristics for practice (Paradise & Siegelwaks, 1982). Consequently, ethical dilemmas create perplexing and troubling situations for counselors and especially for individuals, who have limited experience, are unfamiliar with the professional, ethical codes, and/or have little training in conceptualizing ethical dilemmas and decision making. When different situations arise that are not specifically addressed by the codes of ethics, one must be equipped to think critically and able to evaluate possible plans of action.

Several authors (Eberlein, 1987) have proposed problem-solving models that involve an understanding of theories and ethical principles to promote a more complicated ethical decision-making process. These models suggest guidelines for ethical decision making, yet they may be cumbersome and unwieldy when one is suddenly in the throes of an ethical dilemma. Research suggests that mental health professionals make decisions based on whether they believe the ethical or legal guidelines require a certain action, or for reasons related to personal risk or gain, or based on common sense (Hayman & Covert, 1986).

The use of a worksheet based on previous ethical decision-making models could enhance ethical decision making and promote beneficence. A mnemonic device, that is, A (for assessment), B (for benefit), C (for consequences and consultation), D (for duty), and E (for education), help one to remember the vital concerns. This systematic and useful checklist allows one to, critically evaluate ethical dilemmas once they identified. Abstract concepts of earlier decision-making models become concrete and practical. These components are not sequential, nor will every component always be relevant, and at times, some components may seem to overlap.

Rather than overlook or omit some significant area; however, we suggest that when considering an ethical dilemma, the counselor should make a mental check of each component. At times, there may be specific and correct answers to some of the questions, but because the principles from which they derived often compete and are of equal importance and weight, it is more likely that one correct answer will not be determined. The very nature of a dilemma is such that no one solution is correct. It is impossible to apply a mechanistic or formula-driven approach to this process. Nevertheless, it is imperative that situations be weighed and considered in some systematic way so that good standards of practice upheld. One must choose the very best solution ...