EPIDEMIOLOGY

Epidemiology of Diabetes Type 2



Table of Contents

Introduction2

Epidemiology of Diabetes type 23

Classification of Diabetes type 23

Objective of the study4

Reliability and validity4

Data analysis8

Correlation Analysis8

Using T-test statistics for finding significance of the variables11

Conclusion13

References15

Epidemiology of Diabetes Type 2

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (non-insulin dependent diabetes), a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia, which develops as a result of violations of the secretion of insulin, or the mechanisms of its interaction with cells of tissues (Roger Gadsby, Pam Gadsby, 2008, pp.35-37). Type 2 diabetes is a condition that results in impaired metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, characterized by hyperglycaemia (increased blood glucose levels). The path physiology of diabetes includes either decreased insulin production or increased peripheral insulin resistance. Decreased production of insulin is the consequence of aging as the beta cells of pancreatic islets decrease in number with aging and insufficient amounts of insulin are produced. Insulin is necessary for uptake of glucose by the cells (DeWayne McCulley, 2005, pp. 157-161). Insulin not just limited to glucose metabolism, also has effects on protein synthesis and fat metabolism by targeting particular receptors on the cells and inducing certain pathways necessary for protein synthesis and fat metabolism. Primarily, insulin serves to increase or induce the glucose uptake by the cells. However in certain cases, peripheral visceral cells are unable to show effect to insulin and hence do not uptake the glucose for metabolism. This results in glucose flanking with in the blood unconsumed. This condition termed insulin resistance is also characteristic of type 2 diabetes. As compared to Type 1 diabetes, which is an autoimmune disease characterised by destruction of pancreatic beta cells, and hence low to no production of insulin, type 2 diabetes is stable and causes chronic hyperglycaemic state that results in complications of diabetes (Stuart Ross, Roger Gadsby, 2003, p.193).

Epidemiology of Diabetes type 2

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic degenerative condition which comprises a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycaemia or high blood glucose resulting from problems in the secretion of insulin in its action, or both. The risk factors for diabetes include: infectious diseases, unhealthy eating habits, lack of physical inactivity, high cholesterol, overweight and obesity (Roger Gadsby, Pam Gadsby, 2008, pp.35-37). . Possible complications associated with this condition include neuropathy, retinopathy, and amputation of limbs, severe disability and premature death.

According to the International Diabetes Federation this condition is currently one of the most common non-communicable conditions worldwide. By 2000 it was estimated that 2.8% of the world population living with diabetes and by 2030 it is estimated that this percentage will increase to 4.4%. Type 2 diabetes is between 85% and 95% of all existing types (Stuart Ross, Roger Gadsby, 2003, p.193). In most countries of the world, diabetes is among the fourth and fifth leading cause of death and is now an epidemic in many developing countries or who have recently industrialized.

Classification of Diabetes type 2

 According to the degree of severity the type 2 diabetes can be classified as:

Mild form ...