ENVIRONMENTAL CRIMINOLOGY

Environmental Criminology



Environmental Criminology

Introduction

The influx of people in urban space and the growth of cities have accompanied the development of industrial society. Throughout the nineteenth century, the concern of city officials was to organize this space, to prevent disorders. The city is seen as criminogenic and must ensure that people are out of control social. Unsafe housing and its consequences have been a significant concern (Brantingham & Brantingham, 1981, pp.267). Is there a causal link between crime and urban living? Address these issues, policies hygienists have tried to respond and, in the early decades of the twentieth century, private charity is up to public policy.Discussion & Analysis

The problem of crime in today's society is rather worrying for both the authorities and for citizens. Criminology, which is conventionally regarded as the science of the causes of crime, has been considered as deeply connected with this phenomenon. The positivist school founded by Lombroso assigns high level of importance to individual factors in the causation of crime. This method of charging delinquency factors of biological determinism is criticized by proponents of the Franco-Belgian school of the social environment which is more concerned to explain the phenomena of distinct crime, and especially to study the role played by the company itself in the formation of the offender through the study of the environment in which born, grew up and saw the crime (Brantingham & Brantingham, 1984, pp.13). The dispute can be very strong which opposed both schools will lead to a compromise that is summarized by saying "crime is the product of individual factors and social factors at the time of the crime”.

Speaking of the influence of environment on the criminogenic character of the offender, refers to the study of social factors are taken into account in the process of developing the personality of the latter. The medium being a combination of factors acting on a permanent and sustainable living, it should be noted that encompasses the social circle or group of persons from which someone usually lives or society in general which is derived. Speaking of criminogenic environment refers to any medium that contains elements, whatever their nature, could result in criminal acts. Personality, in turn, is a unit formed by the behaviors, skills, motivations whose unity and permanence are individuality, the uniqueness of each (Brantingham & Brantingham, 1991, pp.351).

The influence of criminogenic environment is not the same as it is in a medium or another. It is to demonstrate how the environment permeates delinquent behavior to an individual, through a long, slow process that is socialization from birth of the individual until he commits the offense which ranks in the category of offenders. This is to diagnose a problem that not only is not unique to our society, but also varies with respect to the severity from one medium to another. Therefore, the solutions found elsewhere are not automatically transferable to our community (Brantingham & Brantingham, 2008, pp.73).

Several theories have been developed to explain the influence of environment on the personality of the offender. These theories are part of the systematization of a psycho-social to promote a better understanding of the personality ...