ENGLISH

Citizenship

Citizenship

Introduction

Crucial precondition for the recognition and observance of the rights and freedoms of the citizen and the respective responsibilities of the state to protect and promote these rights and freedoms is the citizenship of the state. That citizenship largely defines the basis of the legal status of the individual, the amount of their rights, freedoms and responsibilities and serves as the initial basis of its relationship with the state. So, before considering a particular system of constitutional rights, freedoms and duties of man and citizen, one must specifically focus on the understanding of this important constitutional and legal institution of citizenship.

Discussion

Citizenship has many components, including nationality, the citizen owns a parcel of sovereignty and only nationals are citizens, as only they can exercise political rights, so the citizen is defined primarily by opposition to while foreign citizenship appears as a subsystem of nationality. In that sense the public is not focused exclusively as core rights, i.e. civil, political and social, and participation in public life or set of duties of a member of a political community, but carries the social component attached means sharing same story or the same culture. This coexistence of a civilian component - universal rights with a socio-historical component, nationality, made it possible to reconcile, within the framework of nation states, the centrifugal tendencies of individualism, with the centripetal forces of political reason.

Liberal Citizenship

Liberalism is a current of thought to recognize the right of every individual to liberty and private property. Liberal theories understand that citizenship is a status, which entitles citizens to enjoy a set of rights guaranteed by the state. The first rights were the civil and political (the right to vote, to own property, freedom of expression, etc.), in which emphasize were on the-non state intervention. Later, with the contribution of Marshall (1950), considered one of the fathers of contemporary thought on this issue, the public came to include social rights (right to education, health, etc.) in which assumes greater state intervention.

The great function assumes that citizenship in the liberal state derives from the exploitation of the principle of formal equality, the equal subjection to the law - the laws protecting the rights and freedoms of each individual, on the other hand they create an obligation to respect each - and a strong sense of justice and tolerance, the pillars of the liberal centre. Through citizenship, neutralized and purified of its political significance, the liberal state therefore has the ambition to achieve national integration of ethnic groups, the overcoming of particular memberships (biological, social or cultural) and specific religious.

Reflect on the character of liberal citizenship also means recognizing the role of the state that is functional to the maintenance of order and the construction of real levels of security. It should, however, not just draw boundaries, accepting a pluralistic view of values and, above all, sharing the practical ideal of justice, based on equal opportunities. In a just society apply equal citizenship and freedom of “rights guaranteed by the justice cannot ...