Engineering History: Giza Pyramids

Engineering History: Giza Pyramids

Introduction

The Great Pyramid of Giza is the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the World and the only one still exists, as well as being the largest of the pyramids of Egypt. It was ordered built by the pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt Khufu. The architect of this work was Hemiunu. It was built with about 2,300,000 blocks of stone with an average weight is two and a half tons per block, although some of them weighing up to sixty tons. It was originally covered with 27,000 white limestone blocks, polished, several tons each. He kept this aspect until the early fourteenth century, when an earthquake dislodged part of the limestone cladding. Subsequently, the Turkish Ottomans used the liner for the construction of several buildings in Cairo (Bateman, 2013).

By its height of nearly 150 meters, and its base of more than five acres, not comparable to any building erected by human hands, and still are amazed architects and engineers modern thinking of the means used to collect such a mountain stones. Some believe that this, along with the other two pyramids served as tombs, others, like temple, it is certain that the three great pyramids of the Giza Plateau are distributed over the desert in an identical manner as were the three stars of " belt "of the constellation Orion, this according to the Anglo-Egyptian engineer Robert Bauval (Richardson et.al, 2013).

Studies revealed that the engineer for the ancient Egyptians Orion was the celestial equivalent of the god Osiris, and his "belt" was what the Egyptians called the Duat, a "door" through which the pharaoh's soul must pass to reach to Amenti, the beyond. It is built in the form of their sides are oriented towards the four cardinal points, and so that the reflection of the shadows accused with clockwork accuracy essential points of the solar year, giving the precise dates of the equinoxes of spring and autumn and the winter and summer solstices.

Furthermore, adding the two diagonals of the base is a figure in pyramid inches which is precisely the number of years required for the equinox back to the same position and take place on the same point. Pyramids of GizaHerodotus say that one hundred thousand men worked for twenty years and ten years were used to build the road where the stones were dragged. This road is 925 meters long by 19 wide and 15 high at its highest elevation is of polished stones and is decorated with animal figures. The stones carved and conducted, they were huge, some were about ten meters long. For centuries retained a coating of various colored stones bonded so skillfully that it seemed that it was a single block of stone from the base to the apex (Magli, 2009).

The pyramids were the most visible representative and pharaonic tombs, which were composed of several different buildings interconnected. The classical pharaonic tomb type, defined by Cheops, consists of: a temple under a c ...