ENERGY PERFORMANCE CERTIFICATES

Energy Performance Certificates non-domestic sector

Acknowledgement

Iwould take this opening to thank my study supervisor, family and associates for their support and guidance without which this study would not have been possible.

Table of Content

Acknowledgement2

Chapter 1: Introduction5

Research Background7

Aim and Objective8

Chapter 2: Literature review10

The require for leases to change17

Turning leases green19

“Light green leases”20

“Dark green leases”: next the Australian model22

Green administration of leasehold property24

Day-to-day management24

The existing building stock26

Building power use: the principle and legislative context27

Energy conservation policies28

Energy legislation for buildings30

Energy effectiveness and construction design32

Chapter 3: Methodology40

Base case dwelling42

Draught proofing42

Double glazing43

Loft insulation43

Interior solid partition insulation44

Calculation of nationwide carbon savings45

Optimal subsidy46

Chapter 4: Results48

Hot water cylinder insulation50

Draught proofing51

Double glazing53

Improved heating scheme controls (no new boiler)54

Improved heating scheme controls (new boiler)56

Loft insulation57

Professional installation57

DIY installation58

Interior solid partition insulation60

Sensitivity analysis66

Case for non-optimal subsidy66

Robustness of predictive capability of model67

Questionnaire67

Demographic errors70

Sample size71

Financial savings and costs72

Carbon savings73

Economic forecast73

Administration costs74

Free-rider errors74

Application of the subsidy76

Chapter 5: Conclusion77

Chapter 1: Introduction

The Climate Change Act 2008 requires that the government of the United Kingdom reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by not less than 26% by 2020 and make farther reductions in greenhouse gases amounting to 80% by 2050 with quotation to the 1990 baseline (Great Britain, Climate Change Act, 2008). Following implementation of the principles broadcast in the 2007  Energy  White Paper and latest suggestions on the EU emissions dealing scheme, the UK continues on goal to accomplish the 26% number, the savings of 24-29 megatonnes of carbon dioxide (MtCO2)2 anticipated of the residential part amounting to a 30-36% sectoral reduction [DECC (Department of Energy and Climate Change), 2008; DEFRA (Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs), 2006]. No scheme explaining a roadmap to the 2050 goal has yet been set.

The residential part anecdotes for 27% of CO2 emissions (DEFRA, 2006). Savings made in this part can, thus, make a important assistance in the direction of the accomplishment of the 80% target. Although no sectoral goals have been set in the  Energy  White Paper 2007 with consider to 2050, a government inter-departmental analysts assembly approximates the mechanical potential inside the residential part to be as high as 32.1 megatonnes of carbon (MtC) per year (IAG (Inter-departmental Analysts Group), 2002), the matching of a 76% reduction on 1990 levels. Since more than two-thirds of the lodgings supply in 2050 will comprise dwellings that have currently been constructed [DCLG (Department of Government and Local Communities), 2007a], the require for a aim of principle on the already-built personal lodgings supply is apparent.

The  Energy Performance  of Buildings Directive (EPBD) has been suggested as proposing substantial potential with consider to the reduction of carbon emissions in the already-built household part (Boardman, 2007). Its primary requirement, as it sways living personal families, is that an  Energy Performance Certificate  (EPC) should be made accessible to the new proprietor or potential buyer/tenant when a  home  is traded or let. Essentially a device of communication, the EPC should not only state the allowance of  energy  consumed with a normalised use of the building, but, most crucially, should furthermore encompass cost-effective recommendations suggesting how  energy performance  might ...