Emerging Technologies Assignment

Emerging Technologies Assignment

Introduction

This paper will analyze an emerging technology, and will identify, locate and shed light on published information on the technology. The emerging technology which has been chosen for this paper is Artificial Intelligence. The term artificial intelligence (or AI) generally refers to the ability of a computer to perform functions and reasoning typical of the mind of man. Artificial intelligence is a discipline debated among scientists and philosophers, which manifests both theoretical and practical aspects.

Being purely based on computer, it includes the theory and techniques for the development of algorithms that allow machines (typically computers) to show skill and / or intelligent activity, at least in specific domains. One of the main problems of artificial intelligence is to give a formal definition of the functions summary/abstract reasoning, meta-reasoning and learning of man, to be able to build computational models that will materialize and implement in a goal oriented manner. The term "AI" (Artificial Intelligence) was first used in the year 1956 by the American mathematician John McCarthy, during a historic interdisciplinary seminar held in New Hampshire. In the words of Marvin Minsky, one of the "pioneers" of the IA, the purpose of this new discipline was to "make machines do things that would require intelligence if they were made by men."

Discussion

History

In this sense, the story begins in the seventeenth century when Blaise Pascal (scientist, French writer and philosopher) invented the “Pascaline "to help his father, charged by the tax authorities of Normandy to perform a difficult computational work. The machine was capable of automatically adding or subtracting, this "arithmetic machine" was the founder of computer gear. In the Victorian era Charles Babbage created calculating machines access: the Difference Engine could do differential calculations and came to designing an intelligent but, due to technical problems, was never able to work, should have been programmed with punch cards, a bit 'as happened later with the first computers.

If the theory of AI evolves independently of scientific advances, its applications are closely linked to advances in computer technology. In fact, only in the second half of the twentieth century, you can have computing devices and programming languages powerful enough to allow testing intelligence. A turning point of the matter is to be had with a famous article by Alan Turing in the journal Mind in 1950.

Modern Artificial Intelligence

In the words of Minsky, after 1962 the AI changes its priorities: it gives less importance to learning, and focuses on knowledge representation and the problem associated with it to overcome the formalism so far available and free from constraints of legacy systems. The key points of this research are studies of Minsky on distributed knowledge representation, what is called the "society of minds", and the work of John McCarthy on the declarative representation of knowledge. This is expressed formally through extensions of predicate logic and can be manipulated easily.

With his studies on "non monotonic reasoning" and "default", McCarthy helps lay most of the theoretical foundations of ...